Dopaminergic agents and stimulants as antidepressant augmentation strategies.

Dopaminergic agents and stimulants have been used to manage depression when conventional antidepressant treatments fail. We reviewed evidence for the role of dopaminergic dysfunction in depression, the use of dopaminergic agents as antidepressants, and the use of dopaminergic agents and stimulants as antidepressant adjuncts. Dopamine may be part of the pathophysiology of depression for a subset of patients. When used with caution and an appreciation of the potential risk of abuse, dopaminergic agents and stimulants may be useful for patients refractory to antidepressants alone.