Savolainen J, Kortekangas-Savolainen O, Nermes M, Viander M, Koivikko A, Kalimo K, Terho E O
Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Turku, Finland.
Allergy. 1998 May;53(5):506-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb04088.x.
This study was undertaken to analyze the differences in exposure and sensitization to five common environmental yeasts. The responses of IgG, IgA, and IgE to Candida albicans, C. utilis, Cryptococcus albidus, Rhodotorula rubra, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and purified S. cerevisiae enolase were analyzed by immunoblotting (IgE-IB), and the cross-reactivity of their IgE-binding components by IgE-IB inhibition. Twenty atopic subjects, with asthma, allergic rhinitis, or atopic dermatitis were included. In skin prick tests (SPT), 12 of the patients showed simultaneous reactivity to at least two of the five yeasts, four reacted to one of the yeasts, and four had no responses. Antigens run in SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose were probed with enzyme-labeled IgA-, IgG-, and IgE-specific antibodies. The IgE immunoblotting revealed most IgE-binding bands in C. albicans (11 bands) followed by C. utilis (eight bands), S. cerevisiae (five bands), R. rubra (five bands), and Cr. albidus (four bands). Six of the IgE-binding bands of C. albicans and C. utilis shared molecular weight, and only two bands shared molecular weight with other yeasts. These were the 46-kDa band, shared by all five yeasts, and a 13-kDa band shared by four yeasts. Prominent IgE binding was seen to a 46-kDa band of C. albicans (seven patients), C. utilis (five patients), and S. cerevisiae (one patient) and to corresponding weak bands of Cr. albidus and R. rubra (one patient). The possible cross-reactivity of the 46-kDa band was analyzed by IgE-IB inhibition and densitometry, revealing clear C. albicans inhibition of C. utilis (80%) and enolase (98%) (autoinhibition 100%). The strongest IgG responses were seen against S. cerevisiae and C. albicans. The responses were mainly against mannans of C. albicans and S. cerevisiae, suggesting that most of the exposure is to these yeasts. Yeasts with different types of exposure, from saprophytic growth on human mucous membranes to exposure by air and food, were shown to cross-react at the allergenic level. Atopic patients primarily sensitized by C. albicans and S. cerevisiae may develop allergic symptoms by exposure to other environmental yeasts due to cross-reacting IgE antibodies.
本研究旨在分析对五种常见环境酵母的暴露和致敏差异。通过免疫印迹法（IgE-IB）分析了IgG、IgA和IgE对白色念珠菌、产朊假丝酵母、浅白隐球菌、深红酵母和酿酒酵母以及纯化的酿酒酵母烯醇化酶的反应，并通过IgE-IB抑制分析了它们的IgE结合成分的交叉反应性。纳入了20名患有哮喘、过敏性鼻炎或特应性皮炎的特应性受试者。在皮肤点刺试验（SPT）中，12名患者对五种酵母中的至少两种同时有反应，4名患者对其中一种酵母有反应，4名患者无反应。将在SDS-PAGE中运行并转移至硝酸纤维素膜上的抗原用酶标记的IgA、IgG和IgE特异性抗体进行检测。IgE免疫印迹显示，白色念珠菌中IgE结合条带最多（11条），其次是产朊假丝酵母（8条）、酿酒酵母（5条）、深红酵母（5条）和浅白隐球菌（4条）。白色念珠菌和产朊假丝酵母的6条IgE结合条带分子量相同，只有2条带与其他酵母分子量相同。这两条带分别是所有五种酵母共有的46 kDa条带和四种酵母共有的13 kDa条带。在白色念珠菌（7名患者）、产朊假丝酵母（5名患者）和酿酒酵母（1名患者）的46 kDa条带以及浅白隐球菌和深红酵母（1名患者）的相应弱条带上可见明显的IgE结合。通过IgE-IB抑制和光密度测定分析了46 kDa条带可能的交叉反应性，结果显示白色念珠菌对产朊假丝酵母（80%）和烯醇化酶（98%）有明显抑制作用（自身抑制为100%）。对酿酒酵母和白色念珠菌的IgG反应最强。反应主要针对白色念珠菌和酿酒酵母的甘露聚糖，这表明大部分暴露是针对这些酵母的。从在人黏膜上腐生生长到通过空气和食物暴露等不同暴露类型的酵母在变应原水平上表现出交叉反应。主要由白色念珠菌和酿酒酵母致敏的特应性患者可能由于交叉反应性IgE抗体而因接触其他环境酵母而出现过敏症状。
