Wingtield A, Lindfield K C, Kahana M J
Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254-9110, USA.
Psychol Aging. 1998 Jun;13(2):256-66. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.13.2.256.
Two experiments are reported that examined the temporal structure of recall for categorizable word lists by younger and older adults. All participants showed response bursting, in which recall order is clustered by semantic category, with longer interresponse times (IRTs) appearing between categories than within categories. Experiment 1 demonstrated that older adults, even when matched to younger adults in overall accuracy, differed in the rate of increase of between-category IRTs with output position, but not in within-category IRTs. Experiment 2 showed that this interaction is eliminated when the names of the response categories are provided to the participants. Results are interpreted in terms of combined effects of an age-compromised episodic memory system (between-category IRTs) accompanied by a comparatively preserved semantic system (within-category IRTs) in healthy aging.
报告了两项实验，这些实验考察了年轻人和老年人对可分类单词列表的回忆的时间结构。所有参与者都表现出反应爆发，即回忆顺序按语义类别聚类，类别之间的反应间隔时间（IRT）比类别内部更长。实验1表明，即使在总体准确率上与年轻人匹配，老年人在类别间IRT随输出位置的增加速率上存在差异，但在类别内IRT上没有差异。实验2表明，当向参与者提供反应类别的名称时，这种交互作用就会消除。研究结果被解释为，在健康衰老过程中，年龄受损的情景记忆系统（类别间IRT）与相对保留的语义系统（类别内IRT）的综合作用。
