Boston University Medical School Department of Neurology, Harold Goodglass Aphasia Research Center & Language in the Aging Brain, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue (12A), Boston, MA 02130, USA.
Behav Neurol. 2014;2014:260381. doi: 10.1155/2014/260381. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
This review paper presents converging evidence from studies of brain damage and longitudinal studies of language in aging which supports the following thesis: the neural basis of language can best be understood by the concept of neural multifunctionality. In this paper the term "neural multifunctionality" refers to incorporation of nonlinguistic functions into language models of the intact brain, reflecting a multifunctional perspective whereby a constant and dynamic interaction exists among neural networks subserving cognitive, affective, and praxic functions with neural networks specialized for lexical retrieval, sentence comprehension, and discourse processing, giving rise to language as we know it. By way of example, we consider effects of executive system functions on aspects of semantic processing among persons with and without aphasia, as well as the interaction of executive and language functions among older adults. We conclude by indicating how this multifunctional view of brain-language relations extends to the realm of language recovery from aphasia, where evidence of the influence of nonlinguistic factors on the reshaping of neural circuitry for aphasia rehabilitation is clearly emerging.
这篇综述文章汇集了大脑损伤研究和语言老化纵向研究的证据，支持以下论点：神经多功能性的概念可以最好地理解语言的神经基础。在本文中，术语“神经多功能性”是指将非语言功能纳入完整大脑的语言模型中，反映了一种多功能的观点，即认知、情感和实践功能的神经网络与专门用于词汇检索、句子理解和语篇处理的神经网络之间存在着持续的动态相互作用，从而产生了我们所知道的语言。例如，我们考虑了执行系统功能对失语症患者和非失语症患者语义处理方面的影响，以及老年人执行功能和语言功能的相互作用。最后，我们指出这种大脑-语言关系的多功能观点如何扩展到失语症康复的语言恢复领域，在这个领域，非语言因素对失语症康复重塑神经回路的影响的证据显然正在出现。
