MØller Ap, Thornhill R
Laboratoire d'Ecologie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Anim Behav. 1998 Jun;55(6):1507-15. doi: 10.1006/anbe.1998.0731.
Males play a variable parental role in reproduction, ranging from no male parental care to extensive male care. Females may acquire either direct or indirect fitness benefits from their mate choice, and direct fitness benefits include male parental care. Theoreticians have traditionally emphasized direct fitness benefits to females in species with extensive male parental care. We review the literature and show extensive variation in the patterns of male care, related to the attractiveness of males to females. At one extreme of this continuum, females invest differentially in parental care, investing more when paired with attractive males. The costs of female parental care and other aspects of parental investment may be balanced by benefits in terms of more attractive sons and/or more viable offspring. At the other extreme, in species with extensive direct fitness benefits, males with preferred sexual phenotypes provide the largest relative share of parental care. A comparative study of birds revealed that the extent of the differential female parental investment was directly related to the frequency of extra-pair paternity. Since extra-pair paternity may arise mainly as a consequence of female choice for indirect fitness benefits, this result supports our prediction that differential parental investment is prevalent in species where females benefit indirectly from their mate choice. The consequences for sexual selection theory of these patterns of male care in relation to male attractiveness are emphasized. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
雄性在繁殖过程中扮演着不同的亲代角色，从完全没有雄性亲代抚育到广泛的雄性抚育。雌性可能会从其配偶选择中获得直接或间接的适应性益处，而直接适应性益处包括雄性亲代抚育。传统上，理论家们强调在具有广泛雄性亲代抚育的物种中，雌性获得的直接适应性益处。我们回顾了相关文献，并表明雄性抚育模式存在广泛差异，这与雄性对雌性的吸引力有关。在这个连续统一体的一个极端情况下，雌性在亲代抚育上的投入存在差异，与有吸引力的雄性配对时投入更多。雌性亲代抚育的成本以及亲代投资的其他方面，可能会通过更有吸引力的儿子和/或更具生存能力的后代所带来的益处来平衡。在另一个极端情况下，在具有广泛直接适应性益处的物种中，具有偏好性表型的雄性提供了最大比例的亲代抚育。一项对鸟类的比较研究表明，雌性亲代投资差异的程度与婚外父权的频率直接相关。由于婚外父权可能主要是雌性选择间接适应性益处的结果，这一结果支持了我们的预测，即在雌性从配偶选择中获得间接益处的物种中，亲代投资差异普遍存在。文中强调了这些与雄性吸引力相关的雄性抚育模式对性选择理论的影响。版权所有1998动物行为研究协会。版权所有1998动物行为研究协会。
