Leino-Kilpi H, Luoto E, Katajisto J
University of Turku, Department of Nursing, Finland.
J Neurosci Nurs. 1998 Apr;30(2):116-23. doi: 10.1097/01376517-199804000-00005.
Elements of empowerment are: cognitive, experiential, ethical, social, biophysiological, functional and economic. Empirical data from 64 Finnish multiple sclerosis patients were collected. Based on the data, the social element is the most dominating element of empowerment. Patient-center research in nursing care of MS patients should be done to facilitate MS patients abilities toward empowerment.