Cole D A, Peeke L G, Martin J M, Truglio R, Seroczynski A D
Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998 Jun;66(3):451-60. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.66.3.451.
Elementary school students (n = 330) and their parents (n = 228) participated in a 3-year longitudinal study of the temporal relation between anxiety and depressive symptoms in children. Every 6 months, children and parents completed depression and anxiety questionnaires for a total of 6 waves. Structural equation modeling revealed that individual differences on all measures were remarkably stable over time. Nevertheless, high levels of anxiety symptoms at 1 point in time predicted high levels of depressive symptoms at subsequent points in time even after controlling for prior levels of depression symptoms. These findings were consistent across self- and parent reports. Results support the temporal hypothesis that anxiety leads to depression in children and adolescents.
330名小学生及其228名家长参与了一项为期3年的关于儿童焦虑与抑郁症状时间关系的纵向研究。每6个月，儿童和家长完成抑郁和焦虑问卷，共6轮。结构方程模型显示，所有测量指标上的个体差异随时间推移都非常稳定。然而，即使在控制了先前的抑郁症状水平后，某一时刻的高焦虑症状仍能预测随后时刻的高抑郁症状。这些发现无论在自我报告还是家长报告中都是一致的。研究结果支持了焦虑会导致儿童和青少年抑郁的时间假说。
