Masoro E J
Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 1998 Jul-Sep;1(3):243-57. doi: 10.1080/10937409809524554.
Reducing the food intake of rodents to well below that of ad libitum fed animals increases the life span. This action, which gerontologists often refer to as the antiaging action of dietary restriction (DR), is due to the slowing of the aging processes. DR also maintains most physiological processes in a youthful state and delays the occurrence and/or slows the progression of age-associated disease processes. This antiaging action of DR results from the reduced intake of calories. Reduction of the body fat content does not play a causal role in the antiaging action of DR, nor does reduction in the metabolic rate. Alterations in the characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism and of oxidative metabolism in response to DR have been found that are of such a nature that they could, at least in part, underlie the antiaging action. Several theories have recently been proposed in regard to the mechanisms responsible for the antiaging action of DR, but none has been tested by rigorously designed studies. Of these theories, the one that seems most promising is based on the fact that DR protects rats and mice of all ages against the damaging actions of acute stressors. This protective action against stressors may play a major role in the antiaging action of DR.
将啮齿动物的食物摄入量降低至远低于自由进食动物的摄入量可延长其寿命。老年医学专家常将此行为称为饮食限制（DR）的抗衰老作用，这是由于衰老过程减缓所致。DR还能使大多数生理过程维持在年轻状态，并延缓与年龄相关的疾病过程的发生和/或减缓其进展。DR的这种抗衰老作用源于卡路里摄入量的减少。身体脂肪含量的降低在DR的抗衰老作用中不具有因果关系，代谢率的降低也不具有因果关系。已发现，DR会引起碳水化合物代谢和氧化代谢特征的改变，这些改变至少在一定程度上可能是抗衰老作用的基础。最近有人针对DR抗衰老作用的机制提出了几种理论，但尚无经过严格设计的研究对其进行验证。在这些理论中，最有前景的一种基于这样一个事实，即DR能保护所有年龄段的大鼠和小鼠免受急性应激源的损害作用。这种对应激源的保护作用可能在DR的抗衰老作用中起主要作用。
