Benshushan A, Schenker J G
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
Hum Reprod. 1998 May;13(5):1407-10. doi: 10.1093/humrep/13.5.1407.
The latest remarkable technological advances in assisted reproduction, which enable cryopreservation of spermatozoa, embryos and ovarian tissue, raise difficult and debatable legal, social, ethical and moral issues concerning the right to posthumous reproduction. Furthermore, reports on the attitudes of the general public and of centres licensed for infertility treatment in the United Kingdom found that the majority of women and centres support the idea of posthumous reproduction. In this paper we review the data published on this issue, and after considering the various aspects, we conclude that each case should be discussed and authorized by a multidisciplinary committee that includes physicians, clergy, psychiatrists, psychologists, sociologists and other appropriate parties. In our opinion, the main principles that should guide this committee would allow posthumous reproduction in the context of marriage when a prior consent exists. For unmarried persons, post-mortem donation of gametes should be done only anonymously, if they are in agreement with existing laws concerning infertility treatments in every country and after appropriate consent and proper counselling. Moreover, any case which involves consanguinity or a possibility of incest should be forbidden, both for ethical and genetic reasons. In a case of pre-existing siblings, they should be consulted and their informed consent should be granted in advance so as to avoid legal problems in the inheritance of property.
辅助生殖领域的最新显著技术进展，使得精子、胚胎和卵巢组织的冷冻保存成为可能，这引发了关于死后生殖权利的棘手且有争议的法律、社会、伦理和道德问题。此外，有关英国普通公众和获得不孕不育治疗许可的中心的态度报告发现，大多数女性和中心支持死后生殖的想法。在本文中，我们回顾了关于这个问题已发表的数据，并在考虑了各个方面之后得出结论，即每个案例都应由一个多学科委员会进行讨论并批准，该委员会应包括医生、神职人员、精神科医生、心理学家、社会学家和其他相关方。我们认为，指导该委员会的主要原则是，在存在事先同意的情况下，允许在婚姻背景下进行死后生殖。对于未婚人士，如果他们同意各国关于不孕不育治疗的现行法律，并在获得适当同意和接受适当咨询后，死后捐赠配子应仅以匿名方式进行。此外，出于伦理和遗传原因，任何涉及近亲关系或乱伦可能性的案例都应被禁止。对于已有兄弟姐妹的情况，应事先征求他们的意见并获得他们的知情同意，以避免财产继承方面的法律问题。
