Brown K M, McMahon R P, Biro F M, Crawford P, Schreiber G B, Similo S L, Waclawiw M, Striegel-Moore R
Maryland Medical Research Institute, Baltimore 21210, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 1998 Jul;23(1):7-19. doi: 10.1016/s1054-139x(97)00238-3.
We examined changes in self-esteem and feelings of competence with physical appearance and social acceptance over approximately 5 years in 1166 white and 1213 black girls, aged 9 and 10 years at baseline.
Maturation stage and body mass index (BMI) were assessed annually. Biennially girls completed Harter's Self-Perception Profile for children. Changes were analyzed in the context of race, sexual maturation, BMI, and household income. Longitudinal regression models were used to compare trends with age in global self-worth, physical appearance, and social acceptance.
Mean global self-worth showed little change over ages 9-14 years in blacks (p = 0.09) but decreased in whites (p < 0.001). Mean physical appearance scores for both races declined between ages 9 and 14 years (blacks, p < 0.001; whites, p < 0.001). Mean social acceptance scores increased for both races between ages 9 and 14 years (blacks, p < 0.001; whites, p < 0.001). For all three scores, these changes differed between blacks and whites (all three p values, < or = 0.002). Adjustment for maturation stage, BMI, and household income did not alter the significance or direction of racial differences in the changes with age in global self-worth and physical appearance scores. Self-worth, physical appearance, and social acceptance scores decreased with increasing BMI. Decreases in physical appearance and social acceptance scores with increasing BMI were smaller in blacks than in whites (p < 0.05). After adjustment for maturation stage and household income, racial differences in social acceptance scores depended on BMI (p < 0.05) but not on age (p = 0.008).
This article reports the first data on self-esteem scores by age for a large population of black girls aged 9 and 14 years and concludes that self-esteem does not follow the same developmental pattern in black as in white girls. A reason for black girls' higher and more stable self-worth and their greater satisfaction with their physical appearance compared to white girls may be racial differences in attitudes toward physical appearance and obesity.
我们对1166名白人女孩和1213名黑人女孩进行了大约5年的研究，观察她们在自尊以及对自身外貌和社会认可度的胜任感方面的变化，这些女孩在基线时年龄为9岁和10岁。
每年评估成熟阶段和体重指数（BMI）。女孩们每两年完成一次哈特儿童自我认知量表。在种族、性成熟、BMI和家庭收入的背景下分析变化情况。使用纵向回归模型比较9至14岁全球自我价值、外貌和社会认可度随年龄的变化趋势。
黑人女孩在9至14岁期间平均全球自我价值变化不大（p = 0.09），但白人女孩有所下降（p < 0.001）。两个种族的平均外貌得分在9至14岁之间均下降（黑人，p < 0.001；白人，p < 0.001）。两个种族的平均社会认可度得分在9至14岁之间均上升（黑人，p < 0.001；白人，p < 0.001）。对于所有这三个得分，黑人和白人之间的这些变化存在差异（所有三个p值均≤0.002）。对成熟阶段、BMI和家庭收入进行调整后，并未改变全球自我价值和外貌得分随年龄变化的种族差异的显著性或方向。自我价值、外貌和社会认可度得分随BMI升高而降低。黑人因BMI升高导致的外貌和社会认可度得分下降幅度小于白人（p < 0.05）。在对成熟阶段和家庭收入进行调整后，社会认可度得分的种族差异取决于BMI（p < 0.05），但不取决于年龄（p = 0.008）。
本文报告了大量9至14岁黑人女孩按年龄划分的自尊得分的首批数据，并得出结论，黑人女孩的自尊发展模式与白人女孩不同。与白人女孩相比，黑人女孩自我价值更高且更稳定，对自身外貌更满意，原因可能是她们对外貌和肥胖的态度存在种族差异。
