Retroperitoneal endoscopic lumbar sympathectomy with balloon dissection: experience with a cadaveric model.

The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of retroperitoneal endoscopic lumbar sympathectomy with balloon dissection technique using a cadaveric model. Retroperitoneal endoscopic lumbar sympathectomy was performed on 10 cadavers. The procedure was combined with balloon dissection to provide easier visualization and more working space. The outcome was successful in eight cadavers. Average operating time was 40 min, and visualization was good. The only major technical problems were perforation of the peritoneum and air leak into the abdomen. It was concluded that retroperitoneal endoscopic lumbar sympathectomy with balloon dissection has the advantages of minimal invasiveness, clear visualization, and controlled blunt dissection. The use of a cadaveric model may improve the clinical learning curve.