Yost H J
Huntsman Cancer Institute Center for Children, Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84103, USA.
Curr Opin Cardiol. 1998 May;13(3):185-9.
Left-right asymmetric looping of the cardiac tube during embryogenesis places the segments of the cardiac tube that give rise to the left and right chambers into their appropriate spatial orientation. Cardiac looping is required for subsequent formation of septa, valves, and outflow tract. Defects in embryonic left-right axis formation represent a significant portion of congenital heart malformations. Recent discoveries make it apparent that the orientation of cardiac tube looping is dependent on a cascade of genes in noncardiac embryonic cells, including lateral cells and midline cells, before neural tube closure. These observations suggest a linkage between complex cardiac defects and subtle midline defects in early embryos.
胚胎发育过程中心脏管的左右不对称环化将产生左右心室的心脏管节段置于适当的空间方位。心脏环化是后续隔膜、瓣膜和流出道形成所必需的。胚胎左右轴形成缺陷占先天性心脏畸形的很大一部分。最近的发现表明，在神经管闭合之前，心脏管环化的方向取决于非心脏胚胎细胞（包括外侧细胞和中线细胞）中的一系列基因。这些观察结果提示了早期胚胎中复杂心脏缺陷与细微中线缺陷之间的联系。
