MacDonough T S
Int J Addict. 1976;11(3):447-66. doi: 10.3109/10826087609056163.
In this study a self-recording procedure was used to clarify the relationship between urges or cravings for drugs (including alcohol) and actual drug (including alcohol) use within a residential setting. There were two purposes of the study: first, to evaluate the predictive validity of the self-recording procedure; and second, to generate empirical data relevant to the concept of craving, which is crucial to many theories of drug and alcohol addiction. The predictive validity of the urge reports was evaluated using a behavioral measure--actual and suspected drug use incidents. These incidents were reported by staff members on all drug and alcohol abusers in residential treatment during a 2-month period. The results indicate that there is no significant tendency for there to be an increased use of drugs on the same days that drug urges are reported, and that drug use incidents are most likely associated with reports of no urges for drugs. Therefore, the predictive validity of the self-recording reports was not established. The data challenge the notion that drug usage is preceeded by or accompanied by (intense, driving) drug cravings at least within this setting.
在本研究中，采用了一种自我记录程序来阐明在住院环境中对药物（包括酒精）的冲动或渴望与实际药物（包括酒精）使用之间的关系。该研究有两个目的：第一，评估自我记录程序的预测效度；第二，生成与渴望概念相关的实证数据，渴望概念对许多药物和酒精成瘾理论至关重要。使用一种行为指标——实际和疑似药物使用事件来评估冲动报告的预测效度。这些事件由工作人员报告在为期2个月的住院治疗期间所有药物和酒精滥用者的情况。结果表明，在报告有药物冲动的同一天，没有明显的药物使用增加趋势，而且药物使用事件最有可能与无药物冲动的报告相关。因此，自我记录报告的预测效度未得到证实。这些数据对至少在这种环境下药物使用先于或伴随（强烈、迫切的）药物渴望这一观点提出了质疑。
