Bohn M J, Krahn D D, Staehler B A
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin Medical School 53792-2475, USA.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Jun;19(3):600-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01554.x.
Although drinking urges and cravings are commonly reported by alcoholics, prospective studies have found inconsistent associations between such urges and drinking relapses. Previous studies have measured drinking urges by use of single-item ratings of alcohol craving or other measures of unknown reliability and validity. To permit improved evaluation of hypotheses regarding alcohol craving, a 49-item questionnaire that reflects several urge-related domains was developed and pretested. Items assessed subjects' desire for a drink, expectations of positive effects following drinking, relief of withdrawal and negative affect following drinking, and intention to drink. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of the responses of 351 abstinent, treatment-seeking alcoholics indicated that alcohol urges are best described by a single factor. Based on these analyses, an internally consistent, reliable, and psychometrically valid 8-item scale, the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ), was developed. Data indicated that AUQ scores were strongly related to alcohol dependence severity and to cognitive preoccupation with alcohol, and that they declined with prolonged abstinence. The AUQ may be useful in alcoholism treatment research and in laboratory studies of reactivity to alcohol or other manipulations.
尽管酗酒者普遍报告有饮酒冲动和渴望，但前瞻性研究发现，此类冲动与饮酒复发之间的关联并不一致。以往的研究通过对酒精渴望的单项评分或其他可靠性和有效性未知的测量方法来衡量饮酒冲动。为了更好地评估有关酒精渴望的假设，开发了一份包含49个条目的问卷并进行了预测试，该问卷反映了几个与冲动相关的领域。条目评估了受试者对饮酒的渴望、饮酒后对积极效果的期望、饮酒后戒断反应和负面影响的缓解情况以及饮酒意图。对351名寻求治疗的戒酒酗酒者的回答进行探索性和验证性因素分析表明，酒精冲动最好用一个单一因素来描述。基于这些分析，开发了一个内部一致、可靠且心理测量有效的8条目量表，即酒精冲动问卷（AUQ）。数据表明，AUQ得分与酒精依赖严重程度以及对酒精的认知专注度密切相关，并且随着戒酒时间的延长而下降。AUQ可能在酒精中毒治疗研究以及对酒精或其他操作反应性的实验室研究中有用。
