Danto E A
Int J Psychoanal. 1998 Apr;79 ( Pt 2):287-300.
At the close of World War I, Freud proposed the creation of clinics providing free treatment, in the first of a series of politically liberal statements promoting the development of a kind of institution that is rarely associated with psychoanalysis today. Using archival and oral history research methods, this study offers a descriptive and statistical history of the Vienna Ambulatorium, the free psychoanalytic clinic and child guidance centre created--we can now surmise--under Freud's direction. Presented within the cultural context of central Europe's inter-war rush of progressivism in 'Red Vienna' and in Germany's Weimar Republic, little-known aspects of the history of psychoanalysis emerge. From 1922 to 1936, the staff of the Ambulatorium treated gratis patients of all ages and social classes, ranging from professional to unemployed. Candidates too were analysed at no cost. Reflecting the urban energy of his era, Freud believed that psychoanalysis could be both productive and free of cost. What emerges is an unexpectedly activist, community-oriented profile of some of the earliest participants in the psychoanalytic movement.
第一次世界大战结束时，弗洛伊德提议设立免费治疗诊所，这是他一系列政治自由主义声明中的首个声明，旨在推动一种如今很少与精神分析联系在一起的机构的发展。本研究采用档案研究和口述历史研究方法，对维也纳诊疗所进行了描述性和统计性的历史研究，这家免费的精神分析诊所和儿童指导中心是——我们现在可以推测——在弗洛伊德的指导下创建的。在中欧两次世界大战之间“红色维也纳”和德国魏玛共和国进步主义热潮的文化背景下，精神分析历史中鲜为人知的方面得以呈现。1922年至1936年期间，诊疗所的工作人员免费治疗了各个年龄段和社会阶层的患者，从专业人士到失业者。候选者也能免费接受分析。弗洛伊德反映了他那个时代的城市活力，他认为精神分析既可以富有成效又能免费提供。由此呈现出的是精神分析运动一些最早参与者出人意料的积极活跃、以社区为导向的形象。
