Cueto M
Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, Lima, Peru.
Parassitologia. 1998 Jun;40(1-2):177-82.
For centuries Peruvians distinguished malaria from other conditions with different names in Spanish and in the native languages because it was a frequent occurrence in the coast and in the jungle located in the west and east of the Andean highlands. Frequency in different local contexts generated different meanings of malaria that appear more clearly when studying the campaigns of control and eradication of the 20th century. These meanings played an important role in the divisions and tensions that cross race, national integrity, and regional identity in this Andean country. This work deals with the medical and social dimensions of malaria's control and eradication efforts and the ways in which they codified geographical and racial distinctions within peru. Because malaria does not develop in the highlands, Andean migrants to the coast and the jungle regions are particularly susceptible. Some doctors associated the disease with Andean people, even contending that it was an indication of "Indians" weakness. Finally, this article analyses the spread and containment of malaria in light of the world eradication campaign initiated in the late 1950s and with regard to mass migration, urbanization, and other 20th-century phenomena.
几个世纪以来，秘鲁人用西班牙语和当地语言中的不同名称将疟疾与其他疾病区分开来，因为疟疾在安第斯高地西部和东部的沿海地区和丛林中频繁出现。在不同的当地环境中，疟疾出现的频率不同，这就产生了不同的疟疾含义，而在研究20世纪的疟疾防治运动时，这些含义表现得更为明显。这些含义在这个安第斯国家中跨越种族、国家完整性和地区认同的分歧与紧张关系中发挥了重要作用。这项工作探讨了疟疾防治工作的医学和社会层面，以及它们在秘鲁境内将地理和种族差异进行编码的方式。由于疟疾不在高地传播，从安第斯地区迁移到沿海和丛林地区的人特别容易感染。一些医生将这种疾病与安第斯地区的人联系起来，甚至声称这是“印第安人”体质虚弱的表现。最后，本文根据20世纪50年代末发起的全球疟疾根除运动，以及大规模移民、城市化和其他20世纪的现象，分析了疟疾的传播与控制情况。
