Quinn P C, Eimas P D
Department of Psychology, Washington & Jefferson College, Washington, PA 15301, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1998 Jun;69(3):151-74. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1998.2443.
The representation of pictorial exemplars of humans by young infants was examined. Experiments 1B and 2 demonstrated an asymmetry with respect to the exclusivity of the categorical representations formed by 3- and 4-month-olds for humans and non-human animal species. The categorical representation for humans included novel humans, horses, cats, and fish, but excluded cars; the categorical representation for horses included novel horses, but excluded humans, fish, and cars. Experiment 2 also showed that the categorical representation for humans included exemplar information, whereas the categorical representation for non-human animal species was based on summary information. The asymmetry in categorization of human versus non-human animal species did not extend to the presumed more basic process of discrimination of individual humans versus non-human animals (Experiment 3). The findings suggest that a broad categorical representation of humans may be a cognitive reference point (or region) for young infants.
对小婴儿对人类图像范例的表征进行了研究。实验1B和2表明，3个月和4个月大的婴儿对人类和非人类动物物种形成的类别表征在排他性方面存在不对称性。人类的类别表征包括新的人类、马、猫和鱼，但不包括汽车；马的类别表征包括新的马，但不包括人类、鱼和汽车。实验2还表明，人类的类别表征包含范例信息，而非人类动物物种的类别表征基于概要信息。人类与非人类动物物种分类的不对称性并未扩展到对个体人类与非人类动物的辨别这一假定更为基本的过程（实验3）。研究结果表明，人类的广泛类别表征可能是小婴儿的一个认知参考点（或区域）。
