Zorbas Y G, Yaroshenko Y Y, Kuznetsov N K, Madvedev S N, Federenko Y F
Hypokinetic Physiology Laboratory, European Institute of Environmental Cybernetics, Athens, Greece.
Physiol Chem Phys Med NMR. 1997;29(2):243-59.
The objective of this investigation was to determine electrolyte concentration in skeletal muscles and plasma of rats during 90 days of hypokinesia (decreased motor activity) and 15 days of posthypokinesia. The animals were divided into three groups: 1) supplemented hypokinetic rats (SHR), i.e., rats subjected to hypokinesia and taking daily an additional 9 ml water per 100 g body weight plus 6 ml isotonic sodium chloride per 100 g body weight; 2) unsupplemented hypokinetic rats (UHR), i.e., rats subjected to hypokinesia; 3) vivarium control rats (VCR), i.e., rats placed under ordinary vivarium conditions. Hypokinesia was effected by keeping SHR and UHR animals in small individual cages that restricted their movements in all directions without hindering food and water intake. Determinations were made of water and electrolyte (sodium potassium, calcium, magnesium) concentrations in muscle tissue; concentration of electrolytes (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, chloride) in plasma; body weight; fluid consumed and eliminated in urine; whole blood, red blood cell and plasma volumes; hematocrit content and plasma protein concentration. During the hypokinetic period, electrolytes and water concentration in muscle tissue and plasma electrolyte concentration changes significantly in the UHR when compared with SHR and VCR while in comparing the SHR with the VCR these same variables had no significant changes. Body weight, water balance, volume of blood, red blood cell and plasma, hematocrit and plasma protein concentration in the UHR were also significantly different when compared with the VCR. No significant difference was seen in these parameters when the SHR and VCR were compared. During the initial seven days of the posthypokinetic period the changes in these same parameters remained significantly different in the UHR when compared with the SHR and VCR while changes were insignificant when the SHR and the VCR were compared. It was concluded that daily hyperhydration may be used to attenuate or normalize water and electrolyte concentrations in muscles and plasma of rats subjected to prolonged restriction of motor activity.
本研究的目的是确定大鼠在90天运动减少（活动量降低）及运动减少后15天期间骨骼肌和血浆中的电解质浓度。动物被分为三组：1）补充水分的运动减少大鼠（SHR），即遭受运动减少且每天每100克体重额外摄入9毫升水加每100克体重6毫升等渗氯化钠的大鼠；2）未补充水分的运动减少大鼠（UHR），即遭受运动减少的大鼠；3）饲养室对照大鼠（VCR），即置于普通饲养室条件下的大鼠。通过将SHR和UHR动物饲养在小的单独笼子里来实现运动减少，这种笼子限制了它们各个方向的活动，同时不妨碍食物和水的摄入。测定了肌肉组织中的水和电解质（钠、钾、钙、镁）浓度；血浆中的电解质（钠、钾、钙、镁、磷、氯）浓度；体重；尿液中消耗和排出的液体；全血、红细胞和血浆体积；血细胞比容含量和血浆蛋白浓度。在运动减少期间，与SHR和VCR相比，UHR的肌肉组织中的电解质和水浓度以及血浆电解质浓度变化显著，而将SHR与VCR相比，这些相同变量没有显著变化。与VCR相比，UHR的体重、水平衡、血液量、红细胞和血浆、血细胞比容和血浆蛋白浓度也有显著差异。将SHR与VCR相比时，这些参数没有显著差异。在运动减少后时期的最初七天，与SHR和VCR相比，UHR中这些相同参数的变化仍然显著不同，而将SHR与VCR相比时变化不显著。得出的结论是，每日补充水分可用于减轻或使遭受长期运动活动受限的大鼠肌肉和血浆中的水和电解质浓度正常化。
