Recent advances in diagnosis of paragonimiasis.

Paragonimiasis in endemic areas can be diagnosed by clinical symptoms. However, the diagnosis should always be confirmed by microscopic examination of the sputum or stool in order to find Paragonimus eggs. Within recent years marked advances in diagnosis of paragonimiasis have been made. Two new approaches comprising a genetic probe and immunological tests have been developed with claims to be as good or better than microscopic examinations. This report reviews these two areas, especially in paragonimiasis caused by Paragonimus heterotremus and P. westermani. In addition, problem areas in assay development are discussed.