Engels H J, Drouin J, Zhu W, Kazmierski J F
Division of HPR, Exercise Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Gerontology. 1998;44(4):239-44. doi: 10.1159/000022018.
This study examined the effects of low-impact, moderate-intensity exercise training with and without wrist weights (0.68 kg.wrist-1) on functional capacities and mood states in older adults (age 68.6 +/- 5.6, mean +/- SD). Twenty-three senior citizens residing in the community were randomly assigned to wrist weight (WW; n = 12) and no-wrist weight (NW; n = 11) exercise groups while 11 matched subjects served as non-exercise controls (NE). Exercise training was performed for 10 weeks, 3 days/week, for 60 min/session and consisted of low-impact aerobic dance (50-70% of maximal heart rate) combined with exercises to promote muscular fitness, flexibility, and balance. Before and after the intervention, each participant's aerobic fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, static and dynamic balance, skinfold thickness, and psychological mood states were assessed under standardized testing conditions. Exercise training resulted in significant improvements in peak oxygen uptake, lower extremity muscle strength, and psychological vigor (p < 0.05) but did not affect other fitness components (p > 0.05). There were no differences between the WW and NW exercise groups for any of the same variables studied (p > 0.05). No significant pre- to post-test changes were found for the NE control group (p > 0.05). It is concluded that 10 weeks of low-impact, moderate-intensity exercise training of the type that can be considered well-rounded in nature provides a sufficient stimulus to augment aerobic fitness, beneficially affects leg strength, and increases feelings of vigor in older adults. The present observations indicate that the use of light wrist weights has no beneficial or adverse effects on the measured training outcomes.
本研究调查了有或无腕部负重（0.68千克·腕-1）的低强度、中等强度运动训练对老年人（年龄68.6±5.6，均值±标准差）功能能力和情绪状态的影响。23名居住在社区的老年人被随机分配到腕部负重（WW；n = 12）和无腕部负重（NW；n = 11）运动组，同时11名匹配的受试者作为非运动对照组（NE）。运动训练持续10周，每周3天，每次60分钟，包括低强度有氧舞蹈（最大心率的50 - 70%）以及促进肌肉健康、柔韧性和平衡的练习。在干预前后，在标准化测试条件下评估每位参与者的有氧适能、肌肉力量、柔韧性、静态和动态平衡、皮褶厚度以及心理情绪状态。运动训练使峰值摄氧量、下肢肌肉力量和心理活力有显著改善（p < 0.05），但未影响其他适能成分（p > 0.05）。在研究的任何相同变量上，WW和NW运动组之间均无差异（p > 0.05）。NE对照组在测试前至测试后未发现显著变化（p > 0.05）。结论是，10周的低强度、中等强度运动训练，这种训练本质上可被认为是全面的，能提供足够的刺激来增强有氧适能，有益地影响腿部力量，并增加老年人的活力感。目前的观察结果表明，使用轻质腕部负重对所测量的训练结果没有有益或不利影响。
