Tsutsumi T, Don B M, Zaichkowsky L D, Delizonna L L
School of Education, Boston University, USA.
Appl Human Sci. 1997 Nov;16(6):257-66. doi: 10.2114/jpa.16.257.
Previous studies concerning psychological benefits of exercise among the elderly has focused predominantly on the effects of aerobic exercise. In the present study, psychological and behavioral adaptations in response to 12-weeks of strength training were examined in medically healthy but sedentary 42 older adults (mean age = 68 years). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high and low intensity resistance training intensity on a) muscular fitness, b) psychological affect, and c) neurocognitive functioning. Subjects were randomly assigned to high intensity/low volume (EXH: 2 sets of 8 to 10 repetitions for 75 to 85% of 1 RM), low intensity/high volume (EXL: 2 sets of 14 to 16 repetitions for 55 to 65% of 1 RM), or no exercise control programs. Prior to and following the 12-week program, subjects underwent comprehensive physiological and psychological evaluations. Physiological assessment included measurements of blood pressure, heart rate, arm and leg muscle strength, body composition, and oxygen consumption (VO2max). Psychological measures included evaluations of mood, anxiety, and physical self-efficacy as well as cognitive functioning. The results of this study indicated that both high and low intensity strength programs were associated with marked improvements in physiological fitness and psychological functioning. Specifically, subjects in the strength training programs increased overall muscle strength by 38.6% and reduced percent body fat by 3.0%. Favorable psychological changes in the strength-trained subjects included improvements in positive and negative mood, trait anxiety, and perceived confidence for physical capability. The treatment effects of neurocognitive functioning were not significant. In summary, this study demonstrated that participation in 12-weeks of high or low intensity strength training can improve overall physical fitness, mood, and physical self-efficacy in older adults while cognitive functioning remains constant.
以往关于老年人运动心理益处的研究主要集中在有氧运动的效果上。在本研究中，对42名身体健康但久坐不动的老年人（平均年龄 = 68岁）进行了为期12周的力量训练后的心理和行为适应性研究。本研究的目的是评估高强度和低强度抗阻训练强度对a）肌肉适应性、b）心理影响和c）神经认知功能的影响。受试者被随机分配到高强度/低训练量组（EXH：2组，每组8至10次重复，强度为1RM的75%至85%）、低强度/高训练量组（EXL：2组，每组14至16次重复，强度为1RM的55%至65%）或无运动对照组。在为期12周的训练计划之前和之后，受试者接受了全面的生理和心理评估。生理评估包括测量血压、心率、手臂和腿部肌肉力量、身体成分和耗氧量（最大摄氧量）。心理测量包括情绪、焦虑和身体自我效能感以及认知功能的评估。本研究结果表明，高强度和低强度力量训练计划均与生理适应性和心理功能的显著改善有关。具体而言，力量训练计划中的受试者总体肌肉力量增加了38.6%，体脂百分比降低了3.0%。力量训练受试者的积极心理变化包括积极和消极情绪、特质焦虑以及身体能力感知信心的改善。神经认知功能的治疗效果不显著。总之，本研究表明，参与为期12周的高强度或低强度力量训练可以改善老年人的总体身体素质、情绪和身体自我效能感，而认知功能保持不变。
