Effects of epididymal occlusion on sperm maturation in the hamster.

Hamster epididymal spermatozoa were isolated in the caput, corpus and cauda regions for one, two and three days. Sperm suspensions from these regions were assessed for morphology, motility, viability; and for fertility by A.I. The ability to capacitate was tested by checking for acrosome reactions when the sperm were cultured under defined capacitating conditions at 37 degrees C in vitro. Normal, mature cauda sperm were highly fertile (overall 77% of ova fertilized) and showed 50-80% incidence of acrosome reactions after six hours in culture. Isolation for up to three days had no effect. Immature sperm from the caput and corpus were poorly motile, infertile, and did not manifest an acrosome reaction. Isolation for one and two days produced improvements in motility, and distal migration of the cytoplasmic droplet skin to normal maturation, however the sperm remained infertile and did not capacitate in vitro. Survival after three days isolation was poor. Thus the development of fertilizing ability in hamster epididymal spermatozoa is closely related to the ability to manifest an acrosome reaction in vitro; however it is only poorly correlated with motility and morphology. Completion of sperm maturation in this species appears to require the environment of the cauda epididymidis.