Davis C C, Squier C A, Lilly G E
Regulatory and Clinical Development, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
J Periodontol. 1998 Jun;69(6):620-31. doi: 10.1902/jop.1998.69.6.620.
Several different types of interactions are possible between a chemical, a mixture of chemicals, and associated extrinsic factors (i.e., mechanical irritation) in the oral mucosa. These interactions can be broadly classified as irritative or allergenic in nature. In each case, the pathology usually includes mucosal inflammation. The information compiled and reviewed in this article suggests that, given the broad definition of surface lesions/mucosal abnormalities, there may be a continuum of irritation that can be termed "irritant contact stomatitis." This may be due to the fact that the mouth is lined with highly vascular mucosa that turns over rapidly compared to the skin, and may or may not be covered by keratin. Some regions in the mouth are uniquely sensitive to irritants because they can penetrate through the tissue easily. Key factors involved in the potential development of irritation are: inherent irritation potential of the agent, amount of exposure (concentration, duration, and frequency), ability to penetrate the tissue, and inherent reactivity of the subject as well as other extrinsic factors. Irritation leading to oral mucosal alterations is a common occurrence caused by a wide variety of exposures and insults to the oral cavity. Various irritants such as foods, chemicals, friction, thermal/mechanical injury, metals, spices, and oral care products have been documented to cause irritant reactions in susceptible individuals, particularly if used under exaggerated exposure conditions. It is important to note that most irritation in the oral cavity tends to reverse quickly when the causative agent is removed. Oral irritation is a commonly occurring phenomenon. Thus, it is important that the clinician be aware of the clinical manifestations and etiology of the condition.
在口腔黏膜中，化学物质、化学物质混合物与相关外部因素（即机械刺激）之间可能存在几种不同类型的相互作用。这些相互作用在本质上可大致分为刺激性或变应性。在每种情况下，病理通常都包括黏膜炎症。本文汇编和综述的信息表明，鉴于对表面病变/黏膜异常的宽泛定义，可能存在一种可称为“刺激性接触性口炎”的连续刺激情况。这可能是因为口腔内衬的是高度血管化的黏膜，与皮肤相比其更新速度很快，并且可能覆盖或未覆盖角质。口腔中的某些区域对刺激物具有独特的敏感性，因为它们可以很容易地穿透组织。刺激潜在发展所涉及的关键因素包括：刺激物的固有刺激潜力、接触量（浓度、持续时间和频率）、穿透组织的能力、个体的固有反应性以及其他外部因素。由多种暴露和对口腔的损害导致的口腔黏膜改变是一种常见现象。各种刺激物，如食物、化学物质、摩擦、热/机械损伤、金属、香料和口腔护理产品，已被证明会在易感个体中引起刺激反应，特别是在过度暴露条件下使用时。需要注意的是，当去除致病因素时，口腔中的大多数刺激往往会迅速逆转。口腔刺激是一种常见现象。因此，临床医生了解该病症的临床表现和病因很重要。
