Kral K
Institute of Zoology, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Austria.
Brain Behav Evol. 1998;52(1):1-6. doi: 10.1159/000006547.
Praying mantises are considered to be phylogenetically ancient insects with their roots in the palaeozoic Protoblattoidea. They have evolved two mechanisms for spatial vision: (a) estimating the distance to moving prey objects with the use of binocular disparity [Rossel, 1983] and (b) estimating the distance to stationary target objects with motion parallax produced by head movements [Poteser and Kral, 1995]. There is no doubt that the ability to use both visual cues is congenital, but the degree to which either mechanism is developed and its significance to the individual depends to some extent upon the animal's age and exposure to prey species and environmental cues. Experience and learning play an important role. It appears that young mantises can perform both binocular and monocular calculations of distance but they grow to depend more on the binocular mechanism. Motion parallax plays an important role in movement strategy throughout the course of a mantis's life, but this mechanism appears to be particularly in early life.
螳螂被认为是系统发育上古老的昆虫，其起源可追溯到古生代的原蜚蠊目。它们进化出了两种空间视觉机制：(a)利用双眼视差估计移动猎物物体的距离[罗塞尔，1983年]，以及(b)利用头部运动产生的运动视差估计静止目标物体的距离[波泰泽尔和克拉尔，1995年]。毫无疑问，使用这两种视觉线索的能力是先天性的，但这两种机制的发育程度及其对个体的重要性在一定程度上取决于动物的年龄、对猎物种类的接触以及环境线索。经验和学习起着重要作用。似乎年轻的螳螂能够进行双眼和单眼的距离计算，但随着它们成长，会更多地依赖双眼机制。运动视差在螳螂一生的运动策略中都起着重要作用，但这种机制在其早期生活中似乎尤为重要。
