Lappalainen R, Anttila A, Heinonen H
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998 Jul(352):118-27.
Diamond has many superior, desired characteristics of implant materials such as low friction, high wear and corrosion resistance, and well bonding surface to bone. The potential of diamond for total hip replacement implants was studied in the form of amorphous diamond coatings on conventional metal implant materials. Amorphous diamond coatings (sp3 bonding fraction 80%, thickness 0.2 to 10 microns) were deposited on stainless steel AISI316L, Ti6A14V, and CoCrMo alloys using filtered pulsed plasma are discharge method. Superior attachment of coatings to the implant materials was achieved by using high energy plasma beams to deposit amorphous diamond and proper intermediate layers. Previously it was shown that these coatings are biocompatible causing no local tissue reactions. Tribologic studies using a pin on disk apparatus with coated or uncoated implant materials in 1 wt.% NaCl distilled water were performed. A simplified hip joint simulator was used for preliminary testing of metal on polyethylene and metal on metal artificial hip joints modified with amorphous diamond coating. The average coefficients of friction were typically in the range of 0.03 to 0.11 for amorphous diamond coated materials. In the case of metal on metal hip implants, the average friction during initial running in period was improved (coefficient of friction = 0.07) compared with the same metal on metal pair (coefficient of friction = 0.22) and sliding was significantly smoother. In pin on disk wear tests, the average wear factors obtained were 140.10(-6), 5.0.10(-6), and << 0.1.10(-6) mm3/Nm for the pairs of AISI316L, CoCrMo, and the same materials with amorphous diamond coating. The corrosion rates of these implant materials in 10 wt.% HCl solution were decreased by a factor of 10,000 to 15,000 and any damage of the coatings was not observed in 6 months. The results of the tests show that in all the combinations studied, amorphous diamond coating improved definitely the wear and corrosion resistance compared with the uncoated materials.
金刚石具有许多植入材料所需的优越特性，如低摩擦、高耐磨性和耐腐蚀性，以及与骨良好的表面结合性。以在传统金属植入材料上制备非晶金刚石涂层的形式，研究了金刚石用于全髋关节置换植入物的潜力。采用过滤脉冲等离子体电弧放电法，在不锈钢AISI316L、Ti6A14V和CoCrMo合金上沉积非晶金刚石涂层（sp3键合分数为80%，厚度为0.2至10微米）。通过使用高能等离子体束沉积非晶金刚石和适当的中间层，实现了涂层与植入材料的良好附着。此前已表明，这些涂层具有生物相容性，不会引起局部组织反应。使用销盘装置，在1 wt.% NaCl蒸馏水中对涂覆或未涂覆的植入材料进行了摩擦学研究。使用简化的髋关节模拟器对用非晶金刚石涂层改性的聚乙烯对金属和金属对金属人工髋关节进行了初步测试。非晶金刚石涂层材料的平均摩擦系数通常在0.03至0.11范围内。对于金属对金属髋关节植入物，与相同的金属对金属配对（摩擦系数 = 0.22）相比，初始磨合期间的平均摩擦力有所改善（摩擦系数 = 0.07），并且滑动明显更顺畅。在销盘磨损试验中，AISI316L、CoCrMo以及具有非晶金刚石涂层的相同材料配对的平均磨损因子分别为140×10⁻⁶、5.0×10⁻⁶和远小于0.1×10⁻⁶ mm³/Nm。这些植入材料在10 wt.% HCl溶液中的腐蚀速率降低了10000至15000倍，并且在6个月内未观察到涂层有任何损坏。测试结果表明，在所有研究的组合中，与未涂层材料相比，非晶金刚石涂层肯定提高了耐磨性和耐腐蚀性。
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