Chun M M, Jiang Y
Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA.
Cogn Psychol. 1998 Jun;36(1):28-71. doi: 10.1006/cogp.1998.0681.
Global context plays an important, but poorly understood, role in visual tasks. This study demonstrates that a robust memory for visual context exists to guide spatial attention. Global context was operationalized as the spatial layout of objects in visual search displays. Half of the configurations were repeated across blocks throughout the entire session, and targets appeared within consistent locations in these arrays. Targets appearing in learned configurations were detected more quickly. This newly discovered form of search facilitation is termed contextual cueing. Contextual cueing is driven by incidentally learned associations between spatial configurations (context) and target locations. This benefit was obtained despite chance performance for recognizing the configurations, suggesting that the memory for context was implicit. The results show how implicit learning and memory of visual context can guide spatial attention towards task-relevant aspects of a scene.
全局背景在视觉任务中起着重要但却鲜为人知的作用。本研究表明，存在一种强大的视觉背景记忆来引导空间注意力。全局背景被定义为视觉搜索显示中物体的空间布局。在整个实验过程中，一半的配置在各个组块中重复出现，并且目标出现在这些阵列中的一致位置。出现在已学习配置中的目标被更快地检测到。这种新发现的搜索促进形式被称为情境线索效应。情境线索效应是由空间配置（背景）与目标位置之间的偶然学习关联驱动的。尽管识别配置的表现是随机的，但仍获得了这种益处，这表明对背景的记忆是隐性的。结果表明视觉背景的隐性学习和记忆如何将空间注意力引导至场景中与任务相关的方面。
