Thompson L A, Markson L
Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1998 Jul;70(1):1-25. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1998.2445.
Two experiments explored three issues regarding the nature of perceptual development in 5- and 10-year-old children and adults: (a) the role of featural discriminability, (b) the facilitatory role of identity relations, and (c) the role of salience in a task context designed to minimize the likelihood of attention-switching between dimensions during perceptual processing. In Experiment 1, perceptual salience for size and achromatic color dimensions was determined for each participant based on their best-fitting triad classification task response pattern. These same persons participated in Experiment 2, which employed a speeded visual discrimination task. The primary finding was that preassessed salience significantly influenced the 5-year-olds' ability to discriminate between two objects, while salience did not affect 10-year-olds' or adults' response times. The results of both experiments support Odom & Cook's (1992) differential-sensitivity view of perceptual development, but these data contribute important information by showing that salience effects in perceptual processing occur even when the observer is selectively attending to a particular dimension, likely during early component processes prior to classification.
两项实验探讨了有关5岁、10岁儿童及成人感知觉发展本质的三个问题：（a）特征可辨别性的作用；（b）同一关系的促进作用；（c）在一个旨在将感知加工过程中维度间注意力转换可能性降至最低的任务情境中，显著性的作用。在实验1中，根据每个参与者最匹配的三元组分类任务反应模式，确定其在大小和消色差颜色维度上的感知显著性。这些参与者同样参与了实验2，该实验采用了快速视觉辨别任务。主要发现是，预先评估的显著性显著影响了5岁儿童辨别两个物体的能力，而显著性并未影响10岁儿童或成人的反应时间。两项实验的结果均支持奥多姆和库克（1992）关于感知觉发展的差异敏感性观点，但这些数据通过表明即使观察者选择性地关注特定维度，感知加工中的显著性效应仍会出现，很可能是在分类之前的早期成分过程中，提供了重要信息。
