Benitez Viridiana L, Vales Catarina, Hanania Rima, Smith Linda B
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2017 Apr;156:29-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.11.004. Epub 2016 Dec 24.
Stability and flexibility are fundamental to an intelligent cognitive system. Here, we examined the relationship between stability in selective attention and explicit control of flexible attention. Preschoolers were tested on the Dimension Preference (DP) task, which measures the stability of selective attention to an implicitly primed dimension, and the Dimension Change Card Sort (DCCS) task, which measures flexible attention switching between dimensions. Children who successfully switched on the DCCS task were more likely than those who perseverated to sustain attention to the primed dimension on the DP task across trials. We propose that perseverators have less stable attention and distribute their attention between dimensions, whereas switchers can successfully stabilize attention to individual dimensions and, thus, show more enduring priming effects. Flexible attention may emerge, in part, from implicit processes that stabilize attention even in tasks not requiring switching.
稳定性和灵活性是智能认知系统的基础。在此，我们研究了选择性注意的稳定性与灵活注意的明确控制之间的关系。对学龄前儿童进行了维度偏好（DP）任务测试，该任务测量对隐性启动维度的选择性注意的稳定性，以及维度变化卡片分类（DCCS）任务，该任务测量维度之间的灵活注意切换。在DCCS任务中成功切换的儿童比那些坚持的儿童更有可能在整个试验过程中持续关注DP任务中启动的维度。我们提出，坚持者的注意力稳定性较差，会在不同维度之间分配注意力，而切换者能够成功地将注意力稳定在各个维度上，因此表现出更持久的启动效应。灵活注意可能部分源于即使在不需要切换的任务中也能稳定注意力的隐性过程。
