Apostoli P
Cattedra di Medicina del Lavoro, Università degli Studi, Brescia.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1998;34(1):121-9.
In the last two decades, mainly because of the introduction of directives for reducing lead in gasoline, blood lead levels (PbB) in the general adult population decreased progressively to reach, at present, values ranging between 5 and 10 micrograms/100 ml. In the last decades, owing to technological and environmental improvements, the occupational exposure to lead dropped as well. At present, in industrial sectors in which Pb is largely utilised (accumulators and ceramics), mean PbE values range between 25 and 35 micrograms/100 ml. At present, the risk of increased lead absorption is higher for workers employed in specific activities (lead recovery, repairing of radiators, bronze and copper foundries) and in small factories in which environmental or preventive measures are inefficent. More attention must be paid to preventive measures in activities at higher risk, but also the current action level and limit in Italy (Decreto Legislativo 277/91), 35 micrograms/100 ml and 70 micrograms/100 ml, respectively, should be modified taking into account the changes in the working conditions. In addition, the reference levels for the general population set out in Directive 77/312/EEC appear to be too high and should be reviewed.
在过去二十年中，主要由于实施了降低汽油含铅量的指令，普通成年人群的血铅水平（PbB）逐渐下降，目前已降至5至10微克/100毫升之间。在过去几十年里，由于技术和环境的改善，职业性铅接触也有所下降。目前，在大量使用铅的工业部门（蓄电池和陶瓷行业），平均血铅（PbE）值在25至35微克/100毫升之间。目前，从事特定活动（铅回收、散热器维修、青铜和铜铸造厂）的工人以及环境或预防措施无效的小工厂中的工人，铅吸收增加的风险更高。对于高风险活动必须更加重视预防措施，但同时也应考虑到工作条件的变化，对意大利现行的行动水平和限值（第277/91号立法令）分别为35微克/100毫升和70微克/100毫升进行调整。此外，77/312/EEC指令中规定的普通人群参考水平似乎过高，应予以审查。
