Gleeson P A
Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash University Medical School, Prahran, Victoria, Australia.
Histochem Cell Biol. 1998 May-Jun;109(5-6):517-32. doi: 10.1007/s004180050252.
The proteins that reside in the Golgi carry out functions associated with post-translational modifications, including glycosylation and proteolytic processing, membrane transport, recycling of endoplasmic reticulum proteins and maintenance of the structural organisation of the organelle itself. The latter includes Golgi stacking, interconnections between stacks and the microtubule-dependent positioning of the organelle within the cell. There are a number of distinct groups of Golgi membrane proteins, including glycosyltransferases, recycling trans-Golgi network (TGN) proteins, peripheral membrane proteins and receptors. Considerable effort has been directed at understanding the basis of the localisation of Golgi glycosyltransferases and recycling TGN proteins; in both cases there is increasing evidence that multiple signals may be involved in their specific localisation. A number of models for the Golgi retention of glycosyltransferases have been proposed including oligomerisation, lipid-mediated sorting and intra-Golgi retrograde transport. More information is required to determine the contribution of each of these potential mechanisms in the targeting of different glycosyltransferases. Future work is also likely to focus on the relationship between the localisation of resident Golgi proteins and the maintenance of Golgi structure.
存在于高尔基体中的蛋白质执行与翻译后修饰相关的功能，包括糖基化和蛋白水解加工、膜运输、内质网蛋白质的循环利用以及细胞器自身结构组织的维持。后者包括高尔基体堆叠、各堆叠之间的相互连接以及细胞器在细胞内依赖微管的定位。高尔基体膜蛋白有多个不同的类别，包括糖基转移酶、反式高尔基体网络（TGN）循环蛋白、外周膜蛋白和受体。人们已付出大量努力来理解高尔基体糖基转移酶和TGN循环蛋白定位的基础；在这两种情况下，越来越多的证据表明多种信号可能参与它们的特异性定位。已提出多种关于糖基转移酶在高尔基体滞留的模型，包括寡聚化、脂质介导的分选和高尔基体内部的逆行转运。需要更多信息来确定这些潜在机制中每种机制在不同糖基转移酶靶向定位中的作用。未来的工作可能还会聚焦于高尔基体驻留蛋白的定位与高尔基体结构维持之间的关系。
