Saint-Jore-Dupas C, Gomord V, Paris N
CNRS-UMR 6037, IFRMP 23, Université de Rouen, 76 821 Mont Saint-Aignan Cedex, France.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 Jan;61(2):159-71. doi: 10.1007/s00018-003-3354-7.
This review presents plant-specific characteristics of the Golgi apparatus and discusses their impact on retention of membrane proteins in the Golgi or the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The plant Golgi consists of distinct stacks of cisternae that actively move throughout the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus is a very dynamic compartment and the site for maturation of N-linked glycans. It is also a factory for complex carbohydrates that are part of the cell wall. The TGN is believed to be the site from where vacuolar proteins are sorted by receptors towards each type of vacuole. To maintain the structure and specific features of the Golgi, resident proteins ought to be maintained in the proper Golgi cisternae or in the TGN. Two families of membrane proteins will be taken as examples for Golgi/TGN retention: (i) the enzymes involved in N-glycosylation processes and (ii) a vacuolar sorting receptor. Although the number of available plant proteins localized in Golgi/TGN is low, the basis of retention appears to be shared over all kingdoms and may result from pure retention and recycling mechanisms. In this review, we will summarize the characteristics of a plant Golgi and will discuss especially their consequences on on the study of this highly dynamic structure. We then choose membrane proteins with a single transmembrane domain to illustrate the signals and mechanisms involved in plants to localize and maintain proteins in the Golgi and the TGN.
本综述介绍了高尔基体的植物特异性特征，并讨论了它们对膜蛋白在高尔基体或反式高尔基体网络（TGN）中滞留的影响。植物高尔基体由不同的扁平囊堆叠组成，这些扁平囊在整个细胞质中活跃移动。高尔基体是一个非常动态的区室，也是N-连接聚糖成熟的场所。它还是细胞壁组成部分复杂碳水化合物的加工厂。TGN被认为是液泡蛋白通过受体被分选到每种液泡类型的起始位点。为了维持高尔基体的结构和特定特征，驻留蛋白应该被维持在适当的高尔基体扁平囊或TGN中。将以两类膜蛋白为例来阐述高尔基体/TGN滞留：（i）参与N-糖基化过程的酶，以及（ii）一种液泡分选受体。尽管定位在高尔基体/TGN中的植物蛋白数量较少，但滞留的基础似乎在所有生物界中都是共有的，可能源于单纯的滞留和循环机制。在本综述中，我们将总结植物高尔基体的特征，并特别讨论它们对这一高度动态结构研究的影响。然后我们选择具有单个跨膜结构域的膜蛋白来说明植物中涉及将蛋白定位和维持在高尔基体和TGN中的信号和机制。
