大鼠的时间控制：短进食间隔的非局部效应分析
Temporal control in rats: analysis of nonlocalized effects from short interfood intervals.
作者信息
Higa J J, Pierson D
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0086, USA.
出版信息
J Exp Anal Behav. 1998 Jul;70(1):35-43. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1998.70-35.
The present experiment analyzed temporal control of postreinforcement pause duration during within-session changes in the criterion for reinforcement (interfood interval, IFI). Analysis of interval-by-interval changes in the pause revealed localized and nonlocalized effects from short intervals that caused specific changes in performance. In Phase 1, rats were presented with five consecutive 15-s IFIs intercalated into a series of 60-s IFIs. The 15-s set decreased the pause in adjacent and more remote 60-s intervals. In Phase 2, two sets of 15-s intervals were intercalated. The spacing between the two sets varied so that 0, 5, 10, or 15 60-s IFIs separated the sets. The postreinforcement pause tracked all changes in the IFI duration, and the localized effect from a short set extended beyond the next interval to the next few 60-s IFIs. Effects from one set, however, did not combine with a second set: Changes in the pause after two sets were the same regardless of the spacing between sets.
本实验分析了强化标准（食物间隔时间，IFI）在实验过程中发生变化时，强化后停顿持续时间的时间控制。对停顿的逐个间隔变化分析揭示了来自短间隔的局部和非局部效应，这些效应导致了行为表现的特定变化。在第1阶段，给大鼠呈现五个连续的15秒IFI，穿插在一系列60秒IFI中。15秒的组减少了相邻和更远的60秒间隔中的停顿。在第2阶段，插入了两组15秒的间隔。两组之间的间隔不同，使得两组之间相隔0、5、10或15个60秒的IFI。强化后的停顿跟踪了IFI持续时间的所有变化，短组的局部效应延伸到下一个间隔之外，直至接下来的几个60秒IFI。然而，一组的效应并没有与第二组的效应相结合：两组之后停顿的变化是相同的，无论两组之间的间隔如何。
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