Raclavský V
Centre of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Acta Univ Palacki Olomuc Fac Med. 1998;141:7-16.
The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has long proved to be a very useful model in cell biology. Its cell morphology is established and maintained at least in part by the cell wall, a rigid but dynamic structure that affords mechanical protection. Although fungal cell walls represent an unique phenomenon, recent progress in research has shown striking parallels between yeast and mammalian cells in the area of cell morphogenesis and proliferation. Further studies promise to shed common light on the processes of cell morphogenesis including the intersections with proliferation control. This review focuses on the recent progress in this promising area in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The process of cell wall synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was reviewed by several authors recently. Briefly, the cell wall represents a complex structure of cross-linked chitin, beta-(1,6)-d-glucan, beta-(1,3)-D-glucan and mannoproteins. Chitin and beta-(1,3)-D-glucan are synthesized by enzymatic complexes at the cell membrane and extruded into the periplasmic space, mannoproteins are synthesized along the yeast secretory pathway, and the site of beta-(1,6)-D-glucan synthesis is still unknown. The principal motif which interconnects individual cell wall constituents was recently identified by Kollár et al. The mechanisms of cross-linking of the polymers in the wall remain unknown, however. Recently, nevertheless, substantial progress has been achieved in understanding the signalling pathways which target the cell wall construction.
长期以来，出芽酵母酿酒酵母一直被证明是细胞生物学中非常有用的模型。其细胞形态至少部分由细胞壁建立和维持，细胞壁是一种刚性但动态的结构，提供机械保护。尽管真菌细胞壁是一种独特的现象，但最近的研究进展表明，酵母和哺乳动物细胞在细胞形态发生和增殖领域存在惊人的相似之处。进一步的研究有望为细胞形态发生过程，包括与增殖控制的交叉点，带来共同的启示。本综述聚焦于酿酒酵母这一有前景领域的最新进展。最近有几位作者对酿酒酵母细胞壁合成过程进行了综述。简而言之，细胞壁是由交联的几丁质、β-(1,6)-D-葡聚糖、β-(1,3)-D-葡聚糖和甘露糖蛋白组成的复杂结构。几丁质和β-(1,3)-D-葡聚糖由细胞膜上的酶复合物合成并挤出到周质空间，甘露糖蛋白沿酵母分泌途径合成，而β-(1,6)-D-葡聚糖的合成位点仍然未知。Kollár等人最近确定了连接各个细胞壁成分的主要基序。然而，细胞壁中聚合物交联的机制仍然未知。不过，最近在理解靶向细胞壁构建的信号通路方面取得了重大进展。
