Quiroz E, Ortega M, Guzmán M G, Vázquez S, Pelegrino J L, Campos C, Bayard V, Vázquez M, Kourí G
Centro Conmemorativo Gorgas, Panama.
Rev Cubana Med Trop. 1997;49(2):86-93.
Up to 1993, Panama was the only country in Central America where the autochthonous transmission of dengue virus had been detected without experimenting an explosive epidemic despite being reinfected with the Aedes aegypti mosquito since 1985. The characteristics of this first outbreak reported on November 19, 1993, are described in this paper. It is shown that even when there is a Program for the Surveillance and Control of Dengue, which considers low levels of Aedes aegypti infection and a system for the early detection of the virus, the epidemics appear if the community does not take an active part as it happened in 1994, 1995, and 1996. The 14 cases reported were located in an area under the responsibility of the Health Center in San Isidro, Belisario Porras, Special District of San Miguelito, in Panama City (13 cases in 4 blocks of the sector of Santa Librada and 1 case in San Isidro Valley). 3 patients were under 15 and 8 over 36, the other 3 were between 15 and 24.9 were females. The dengue type 2 virus was isolated in 3 patients. The presence of IgM and IgG antibodies to dengue was demonstrated in 11 patients, whereas in 8 over 20 it was observed a secondary type answer. According to the clinical picture, the epidemic was classified as dengue fever. The seroepidemiological survey carried out in the sector of Santa Librada and its surroundings 5 months after the appearance of the symptoms in the first case showed a prevalence of antibodies to dengue of 5.7% (46/802), mainly among individuals over 44. These results confirmed that the outbreak was geographically limited.
截至1993年，巴拿马是中美洲唯一检测到登革热病毒本土传播的国家，尽管自1985年以来该国再次受到埃及伊蚊的侵袭，但并未出现爆发性疫情。本文描述了1993年11月19日报告的首次疫情的特征。研究表明，即使存在登革热监测与控制计划，该计划考虑到埃及伊蚊低感染水平以及病毒早期检测系统，但如果社区不积极参与，疫情仍会出现，1994年、1995年和1996年的情况便是如此。报告的14例病例位于巴拿马城圣米格尔ito特别区贝利萨里奥·波拉斯的圣伊西德罗卫生中心负责的区域（圣塔利布拉达区4个街区有13例，圣伊西德罗山谷有1例）。3名患者年龄在15岁以下，8名患者年龄超过36岁，另外3名患者年龄在15至24岁之间。9名患者为女性。3名患者分离出了登革热2型病毒。11名患者检测出登革热IgM和IgG抗体，而20名以上患者中有8名出现了二次应答。根据临床表现，此次疫情被归类为登革热发热。首例病例出现症状5个月后，在圣塔利布拉达区及其周边地区进行的血清流行病学调查显示，登革热抗体患病率为5.7%（46/802），主要集中在44岁以上人群中。这些结果证实此次疫情在地理上具有局限性。
