Fiedler K, Lindner M, Edel B, Wallbrecht F
Institut für Allgemeine, Krankenhaus- und Umwelthygiene der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena.
Zentralbl Hyg Umweltmed. 1998 Jun;201(2):167-88.
The problem of a risk of infection from the common use of chalices has been discussed controversially in literature. Opinions were mainly based on laboratory experiments and theoretical considerations. The authors examined bacterial counts and species existing under normal conditions after communion. For this purpose, contact samples were taken from the inside and outside of chalices at the rim. Staphylococci and alpha-haemolytic streptococci were found on all chalices examined. On more than 80%, there were apathogenic micrococci, nonhaemolytic streptococci, apathogenic neisseria and apathogenic corynebacteria as well as lactobacilli and bacilli. Staphylococcus aureus was found on 26.4% of chalices. Although the risk of infection for healthy persons from a commonly used chalice can be rated as low, it should not be underestimated for persons with reduced resistance and immunocompetence, or with reduced defences as a result of therapeutic measures. From the hygienic point of view, the most favourable approaches to avoid infection would be the use of individual chalices for all participants in the communion or the immersion of wafers or bread in wine or in grape juice by the priest (intinction).
圣杯共用引发感染风险的问题在文献中一直存在争议性讨论。观点主要基于实验室实验和理论考量。作者们检测了领圣体后正常情况下圣杯内存在的细菌数量及种类。为此，在圣杯边缘的内外侧采集了接触样本。在所检测的所有圣杯上均发现了葡萄球菌和α-溶血性链球菌。超过80%的圣杯上存在无致病性微球菌、非溶血性链球菌、无致病性奈瑟菌、无致病性棒状杆菌以及乳酸杆菌和芽孢杆菌。26.4%的圣杯上发现了金黄色葡萄球菌。尽管对于健康人而言，使用共用圣杯感染的风险可被评定为较低，但对于抵抗力下降、免疫能力降低或因治疗措施导致防御能力下降的人，这一风险不应被低估。从卫生角度来看，避免感染最有利的方法是为所有领圣体参与者使用个人圣杯，或者由牧师将圣饼或面包浸泡在葡萄酒或葡萄汁中（蘸圣餐）。
