Shmotkin D, Lomranz J
Department of Psychology, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998 Jul;75(1):141-55. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.75.1.141.
This study addressed the issue of adjustment among Holocaust survivors by multidimensional assessment of subjective well-being (SWB). Participants were Israeli Holocaust survivors incidentally included in a life-span study (Group 1; n = 466) or purposely approached for studying Holocaust survivors (Group 2; n = 178). Comparison participants had immigrated to Israel before World War II, with their parents either undergoing (Group 3; n = 270) or not undergoing the Holocaust (Group 4; n = 388); other comparison participants had immigrated after the war with parents not undergoing the Holocaust (Group 5; n = 166). Results showed that Group 1 scored lower than Group 2, mainly in positive affect. Group 1 scored lower than Group 4, and to a lesser extent also lower than Groups 3 and 5, mainly in aging-related themes of SWB. The study suggests that long-term effects of the Holocaust on the survivors' SWB are traceable but require a differential approach to the study groups and to the facets of SWB.
本研究通过对主观幸福感（SWB）进行多维评估，探讨了大屠杀幸存者的适应问题。参与者包括偶然纳入一项寿命研究的以色列大屠杀幸存者（第1组；n = 466），或特意招募来研究大屠杀幸存者的人员（第2组；n = 178）。对照参与者在第二次世界大战前移民到以色列，其父母经历（第3组；n = 270）或未经历（第4组；n = 388）大屠杀；其他对照参与者在战后移民，其父母未经历大屠杀（第5组；n = 166）。结果显示，第1组得分低于第2组，主要在积极情感方面。第1组得分低于第4组，在较小程度上也低于第3组和第5组，主要在与衰老相关的主观幸福感主题方面。该研究表明，大屠杀对幸存者主观幸福感的长期影响是可追溯的，但需要对研究组和主观幸福感的各个方面采用不同的方法。
