Brega A, Scacchi R, Cuccia M, Kirdar B, Peloso G, Corbo R M
Dipartimento di Biologia e Genetica per le Scienze Mediche, University of Milan, Italy.
Hum Biol. 1998 Aug;70(4):715-28.
Anatolia, because of its geographic position and its use as an area of settlement, was also a land of transit that accommodated a succession of populations. The last important invasion occurred in the Middle Ages with the arrival of the Turks, an Altaic-speaking nomadic population descended from the Oguz tribes and originating in Mongolia. Although the Turks imposed their culture, their genetic contribution seems to have been modest. To validate this hypothesis, we studied the genetic structure of the Turkish population by examining 15 genetic markers in a sample of 93 subjects. The allele frequencies observed were HP1 = 0.240; GLO11 = 0.344, ESD2 = 0.134, GC1S = 0.613, GC1F = 0.129, PGM12S = 0.322, PGM12F = 0.041, PGM11F = 0.027, F13B1 = 0.762, F13B2 = 0.101, ORM1S = 0.327, AHSG2 = 0.181, C6B = 0.239, C71 = 0.983, APOC21 = 1.0, APOE3 = 0.868, APOE2 = 0.063, BFF = 0.258, BFS07 = 0.017, BFSQ0 = 0.011, C4AQ0 = 0.145, C4A2 = 0.070, C4A5 = 0.012, C4A6 = 0.023, C4BQ0 = 0.101, C4B2 = 0.048, C4B3 = 0.005, and C4B11 = 0.005. The present Turkish population was compared to other European, Middle Eastern, and North African populations by means of correspondence analysis. Turks cluster with Turkomans, who share the ancient Turks' derivation from the Oguz tribe. Moreover, Turks clearly belong to European groups and resemble the populations of neighboring countries. Therefore the present data support the hypothesis that the ancient Turkish tribes, who started to enter Anatolia 1000 years ago, contributed little to the gene pool of the preexisting Anatolian populations. Alternatively, if the genetic structure of the invading Turks resembled that of the ancient Anatolians, it will be impossible to find traces of their admixture with the autochthonous inhabitants of Anatolia. However, further analysis of other samples from Turkey and from populations living in the homelands of the Turkish tribes, namely, the eastern area of the Caspian Sea and Mongolia, is needed.
由于地理位置以及作为定居区域的用途，安纳托利亚也是一个人口迁徙的通道，接纳了一批又一批的人群。最后一次重要的入侵发生在中世纪，随着突厥人的到来，他们是一个说阿尔泰语的游牧民族，源自乌古斯部落，发源于蒙古。尽管突厥人强加了他们的文化，但他们的基因贡献似乎不大。为了验证这一假设，我们通过检测93名受试者样本中的15个基因标记，研究了土耳其人群的基因结构。观察到的等位基因频率为：HP1 = 0.240；GLO11 = 0.344，ESD2 = 0.134，GC1S = 0.613，GC1F = 0.129，PGM12S = 0.322，PGM12F = 0.041，PGM11F = 0.027，F13B1 = 0.762，F13B2 = 0.101，ORM1S = 0.327，AHSG2 = 0.181，C6B = 0.239，C71 = 0.983，APOC21 = 1.0，APOE3 = 0.868，APOE2 = 0.063，BFF = 0.258，BFS07 = 0.017，BFSQ0 = 0.011，C4AQ0 = 0.145，C4A2 = 0.070，C4A5 = 0.012，C4A6 = 0.023，C4BQ0 = 0.101，C4B2 = 0.048，C4B3 = 0.005，以及C4B11 = 0.005。通过对应分析，将现今的土耳其人群与其他欧洲、中东和北非人群进行了比较。突厥人与土库曼人聚在一起，土库曼人与古代突厥人都源自乌古斯部落。此外，突厥人显然属于欧洲群体，与邻国的人群相似。因此，目前的数据支持了这样的假设：1000年前开始进入安纳托利亚的古代突厥部落，对先前存在的安纳托利亚人群的基因库贡献不大。或者说，如果入侵的突厥人的基因结构与古代安纳托利亚人相似，那么就不可能找到他们与安纳托利亚本土居民混合的痕迹。然而，还需要对来自土耳其以及生活在突厥部落发源地（即里海东部地区和蒙古）的其他样本进行进一步分析。
