Bader M, Göen T, Müller J, Angerer J
Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social, and Environmental Medicine of the Univeristy of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1998 Jun 12;710(1-2):91-9. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4347(98)00138-8.
Organic nitrocompounds are the most frequently used constituents of explosives and some of them have been evaluated to be highly toxic or even carcinogenic. Human contact with explosives may originate from a variety of sources, including occupational exposure during the production of ammunition as well as environmental exposure due to the contamination of soil and ground water reservoirs on former military production sites and training areas. This paper describes two gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring methods for the determination of twelve nitroaromatic compounds in urine (nitrobenzene, 1,2-dinitrobenzene, 1,3-dinitrobenzene, 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene, 2-nitrotoluene, 3-nitrotoluene, 4-nitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, 2,6-dinitrotoluene, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene). The analytes are detectable in the lowest microg/l range, with imprecisions of 3-22% within series and 5-29% between series, depending on the compound of interest. Both procedures are rapid and relatively easy to perform and, therefore, are advantageous for the screening of occupationally or environmentally exposed persons. We analysed urine samples obtained from nine workers from an ammunition dismantling workshop and from twelve control persons. 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene was detected in six samples at concentrations between 4 and 43 microg/l. The main metabolites of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene and 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene, were found in a concentration range from 143 to 16,832 microg/l and from 24 to 5787 microg/l, respectively. Nonconjugated aminodinitrotoluenes were present as varying percentages of the total amount. 2,4-Dinitrotoluene and 2,6-dinitrotoluene were found in two samples (2-9 microg/l). Nitroaromatics were not detectable in urine specimens from control persons.
有机硝基化合物是炸药中最常用的成分，其中一些已被评估为剧毒甚至致癌。人类接触炸药可能源于多种途径，包括弹药生产过程中的职业暴露，以及 former military production sites and training areas 的土壤和地下水库污染导致的环境暴露。本文描述了两种气相色谱 - 质谱选择离子监测方法，用于测定尿液中的十二种硝基芳香化合物（硝基苯、1,2 - 二硝基苯、1,3 - 二硝基苯、1,3,5 - 三硝基苯、2 - 硝基甲苯、3 - 硝基甲苯、4 - 硝基甲苯、2,4 - 二硝基甲苯、2,6 - 二硝基甲苯、2,4,6 - 三硝基甲苯、2 - 氨基 - 4,6 - 二硝基甲苯、4 - 氨基 - 2,6 - 二硝基甲苯）。根据所关注的化合物不同，分析物在最低微克/升范围内可检测到，同系列内的不精密度为3 - 22%，不同系列间为5 - 29%。这两种方法都快速且相对易于操作，因此有利于对职业或环境暴露人群进行筛查。我们分析了从一个弹药拆解车间的九名工人和十二名对照人员采集的尿液样本。在六个样本中检测到2,4,6 - 三硝基甲苯，浓度在4至43微克/升之间。2,4,6 - 三硝基甲苯的主要代谢产物4 - 氨基 - 2,6 - 二硝基甲苯和2 - 氨基 - 4,6 - 二硝基甲苯的浓度范围分别为143至16,832微克/升和24至5787微克/升。非共轭氨基二硝基甲苯占总量的百分比各不相同。在两个样本中发现了2,4 - 二硝基甲苯和2,6 - 二硝基甲苯（2 - 9微克/升）。对照人员的尿液样本中未检测到硝基芳香化合物。
