Application of models of working at the interface between primary care and mental health services in Israel.

Psychiatric morbidity is common in primary care, a large proportion being treated without specialist referral. A significant proportion may be undetected or inadequately treated. This article describes current models of mental health services (MHS) working at the interface between primary care and MHS with review of data regarding these models and discussion of the application of these models to the Israeli health system. The shifted out-patient model, primarily provided by psychiatrists independent of the Primary and Secondary Care Teams, would seem to increase access to psychiatric services, increase treated prevalence of the disorders and attract a similar population to hospital out-patient services. The psychiatric community liaison model aims to improve primary care practitioner detection and management skills, might reduce referrals to psychiatrists with similar patient outcome and enables treatment of patients unwilling to see a mental health professional (MHP). The attached MHP Model would allow access to a greater range of psychosocial interventions provided by a primary care team member. The community mental health team, currently a model not in practise in Israel, provides a single point of referral for multidisciplinary care but has shown varying patterns of integration and responsiveness to primary care. Other interfaces of collaboration such as Balint groups and education are also discussed.