de Roodt A R, Dolab J A, Fernández T, Segre L, Hajos S E
Instituto Nacional de Producción de Biológicos A.N.L.I.S. Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán, Ministerio de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Toxicon. 1998 Jul;36(7):1025-38. doi: 10.1016/s0041-0101(97)00111-6.
The immunochemical cross-reactivity and neutralizing capacity of four crotalinae antivenoms consisting in equine F(ab')2 fragments and available in Argentina (bothropic Bivalent, against Bothrops alternatus and B. neuwiedii venoms; bothropic Tetravalent, against B. alternatus, B. neuwiedii; B. jararaca and B. jararacussu venoms; bothropic crotalic Trivalent, against B. alternatus, B. neuwiedii and Crotalus (C.) durissus terrificus venoms and anticrotalic against C. d. terrificus venom) were studied against B. alternatus, B. ammodytoides; B. jararaca; B. jararacussu, B. moojeni; B. neuwiedii and C. d. terrificus venoms. SDS-PAGE analysis of the Bothrops venoms showed protein bands of high (>40 kDa) medium (20-40 kDa) and low (<15 kDa) molecular weights, while that of C. d. terrificus exhibited a large amount of material with molecular weight of 15.0 kDa or lower. Immunoblotting showed a high cross-reactivity of all the major protein bands with all the antivenoms (even heterologous) tested. All the antivenoms were effective in neutralizing the lethal activity of the venoms tested, and in some cases (B. jararaca and B. jararacussu) heterologous antivenoms exhibited similar neutralizing capacity than the homologous ones. In spite of the differences in biochemical composition and pharmacology, Bothropic antivenoms displayed a significant neutralizing capacity on lethal activity of C. d. terrificus venom. In addition, all the antivenoms (including the anticrotalic) were highly effective in neutralizing the hemorragic, necrotizing, procoagulant, and proteolytic activities. The antivenoms tested produced different degrees of inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity, which exhibited a certain specificity but was also related to the enzyme content in the venom.
对阿根廷现有的四种由马F(ab')2片段组成的响尾蛇科抗蛇毒血清（双价矛头蝮抗蛇毒血清，针对矛头蝮和纳氏矛头蝮蛇毒；四价矛头蝮抗蛇毒血清，针对矛头蝮、纳氏矛头蝮、巴西矛头蝮和乌拉圭矛头蝮蛇毒；三价矛头蝮响尾蛇抗蛇毒血清，针对矛头蝮、纳氏矛头蝮和杜氏变色矛头蝮蛇毒；以及抗变色矛头蝮蛇毒血清，针对杜氏变色矛头蝮蛇毒）针对矛头蝮、沙氏矛头蝮、巴西矛头蝮、乌拉圭矛头蝮、穆氏矛头蝮、纳氏矛头蝮和杜氏变色矛头蝮蛇毒的免疫化学交叉反应性和中和能力进行了研究。矛头蝮蛇毒的SDS-PAGE分析显示出高分子量（>40 kDa）、中等分子量（20-40 kDa）和低分子量（<15 kDa）的蛋白条带，而杜氏变色矛头蝮蛇毒的SDS-PAGE分析显示出大量分子量为15.0 kDa或更低的物质。免疫印迹显示，所有主要蛋白条带与所有测试的抗蛇毒血清（甚至是异源的）都有很高的交叉反应性。所有抗蛇毒血清都能有效中和所测试蛇毒的致死活性，在某些情况下（巴西矛头蝮和乌拉圭矛头蝮），异源抗蛇毒血清表现出与同源抗蛇毒血清相似的中和能力。尽管在生化组成和药理学方面存在差异，但矛头蝮抗蛇毒血清对杜氏变色矛头蝮蛇毒的致死活性仍表现出显著的中和能力。此外，所有抗蛇毒血清（包括抗变色矛头蝮蛇毒血清）在中和出血、坏死、促凝血和蛋白水解活性方面都非常有效。所测试的抗蛇毒血清对磷脂酶A2活性产生了不同程度的抑制，这种抑制表现出一定的特异性，但也与蛇毒中的酶含量有关。
