Lalman D, Porter S, Sunshine J H, Busheé G R, Schepps B
Department of Government, University of Maryland, College Park 20742, USA.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998 Aug;171(2):301-10. doi: 10.2214/ajr.171.2.9694440.
The American College of Radiology sought to detail the initial employment experience of 1996 diagnostic radiology and radiation oncology graduates, the actual effect of factors expected to generate poor employment outcomes, and trends since 1995.
In autumn 1996, questionnaires were mailed to all graduates; 69% responded. The results were compared with a similar survey of 1995 graduates.
After graduation, 3-10% of graduates, depending on their field (diagnostic radiology or radiation oncology) and level (residency or fellowship), spent some time working as a locum tenens, working outside their field, or unemployed. However, by a year after graduation, working outside one's field and unemployment had virtually disappeared, even among graduates unable or unwilling to relocate. The Professional Bureau of the American College of Radiology was the most widely used major job search method and drew relatively favorable ratings. At least 15-22% of graduates in posttraining employment had, and disliked, one or more of 11 job characteristics many observers regard unfavorably. Most commonly, the graduates' objection was to having too few patients to remain busy. Relatively poor job outcomes were associated with having a spouse who had to find a job in the same locality as the graduate (only salaries were impaired) but not with other locational constraints, with inadequacy of a major aspect of the training program (as reported by the graduate), and with being female. Changes from 1995 were few, and median salaries were approximately the same as in 1995.
The employment situation is basically stable, but salaries seem to be lagging behind inflation. Female graduates' poorer employment outcomes are worrisome, especially because studies of women in other professions generally find, unlike our study, that women start their careers even with men.
美国放射学会试图详细了解1996年诊断放射学和放射肿瘤学毕业生的初次就业经历、预期会导致不良就业结果的因素的实际影响以及自1995年以来的趋势。
1996年秋季，向所有毕业生邮寄了调查问卷；69%的人进行了回复。将结果与对1995年毕业生的类似调查进行了比较。
毕业后，3%至10%的毕业生，取决于其专业领域（诊断放射学或放射肿瘤学）和水平（住院医师或研究员），会花一些时间担任临时替班医生、从事非本专业工作或失业。然而，到毕业后一年，从事非本专业工作和失业情况几乎消失，即使在那些无法或不愿搬迁的毕业生中也是如此。美国放射学会专业局是最广泛使用的主要求职途径，且获得了相对较好的评价。至少15%至22%接受培训后就业的毕业生有且不喜欢许多观察者认为不利的11种工作特征中的一种或多种。最常见的是，毕业生抱怨患者太少，无法保持忙碌。相对较差的就业结果与配偶必须在毕业生所在地区找到工作（仅薪资受到影响）有关，但与其他地点限制、培训项目主要方面的不足（据毕业生报告）以及女性身份无关。与1995年相比变化不大，薪资中位数与1995年大致相同。
就业形势基本稳定，但薪资似乎滞后于通货膨胀。女性毕业生较差的就业结果令人担忧，尤其是因为对其他职业女性的研究通常发现，与我们的研究不同，女性与男性同时开启职业生涯。
