Patard J J, Saint F, Velotti F, Abbou C C, Chopin D K
Urol Res. 1998;26(3):155-9. doi: 10.1007/s002400050039.
Local immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) can prevent recurrences and progression of superficial bladder cancer, but the antitumoral mechanism of BCG is still unclear. The first event seems to be binding of BCG to urothelial cells via fibronectin, and processing of mycobacterial antigens by antigen-presenting cells. Experimental data suggest that bacterial antigens can also be processed by urothelial cells. CD4 lymphocytes subsequently recognize antigenic peptides presented by HLA class II molecules. The most common profile of urinary cytokines is interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma, suggesting the predominant involvement of the Th1 lymphocyte subpopulation. Natural killer cells, lymphocyte-activated killer cells, BCG-activated killer cells and macrophages are able to kill bladder tumor cells in vitro, but there is no evidence that a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted specific T cytotoxic response is involved in BCG antitumor activity.
卡介苗（BCG）局部免疫疗法可预防浅表性膀胱癌的复发和进展，但其抗肿瘤机制仍不清楚。首先发生的似乎是BCG通过纤连蛋白与尿路上皮细胞结合，以及抗原呈递细胞对分枝杆菌抗原的处理。实验数据表明，细菌抗原也可由尿路上皮细胞处理。随后，CD4淋巴细胞识别由HLA II类分子呈递的抗原肽。尿中细胞因子最常见的特征是白细胞介素-2和干扰素-γ，提示Th1淋巴细胞亚群起主要作用。自然杀伤细胞、淋巴细胞激活的杀伤细胞、BCG激活的杀伤细胞和巨噬细胞在体外能够杀死膀胱肿瘤细胞，但没有证据表明主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）限制的特异性T细胞毒性反应参与BCG的抗肿瘤活性。
