Patard J J, Chopin D K, Boccon-Gibod L
Groupe d'Etudes des Tumeurs Urologiques, Centre de Recherches Chirurgicales, Creteil, France.
World J Urol. 1993;11(3):165-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00211413.
Local immunotherapy with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an effective treatment to prevent recurrence and progression of superficial bladder cancer, but the antitumor mechanism of action of BCG remains unclear. There are some experimental and clinical data suggesting that BCG antigens are processed not only by immunocompetent cells but also by urothelial cells and tumor cells. The foreign antigen may be presented at the cell surface by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and recognized by CD4 cells. The cytotoxic effect could result from the direct activity of CD4 cells or from the cytotoxic effect of released cytokines and the activation of other cytotoxic cells [cytolytic T-lymphocytes CTLs; CD8 cells), macrophages, natural killer (NK) or lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells]. These mechanisms are also involved in tumor rejection, and the identification of some specific tumor rejection antigens presented to specific CTLs could provide new therapeutic approaches.
卡介苗（BCG）局部免疫疗法是预防浅表性膀胱癌复发和进展的有效治疗方法，但BCG的抗肿瘤作用机制仍不清楚。有一些实验和临床数据表明，BCG抗原不仅由免疫活性细胞处理，也由尿路上皮细胞和肿瘤细胞处理。外来抗原可能由主要组织相容性复合体（MHC）II类分子呈递至细胞表面，并被CD4细胞识别。细胞毒性作用可能源于CD4细胞的直接活性，或源于释放的细胞因子的细胞毒性作用以及其他细胞毒性细胞（细胞溶解性T淋巴细胞CTLs；CD8细胞）、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤（NK）或淋巴因子激活的杀伤（LAK）细胞的激活。这些机制也参与肿瘤排斥反应，鉴定呈递给特定CTLs的一些特异性肿瘤排斥抗原可为新的治疗方法提供依据。
