Brett M S
Communicable Disease Group, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Porirua.
N Z Med J. 1998 Jun 26;111(1068):234-5.
To determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistances among recent isolates of Shigella in New Zealand.
A total of 107 Shigella isolates referred to the Institute of Environmental Science and Research from 20 hospital and community laboratories between January and June 1996 were tested by an agar dilution method.
Shigella sonnei accounted for 70% of the isolates and S flexneri for 23%. Resistance to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole was detected in 42% and 57% of the isolates respectively, and combined ampicillin and co-trimoxazole resistance occurred in 30.8% of the isolates. The prevalence of cephalothin resistance was 5.6%. Resistance to cefotaxime, ciprofloxacid and gentamicin was not detected and 31.8% were sensitive to all agents tested. Ampicillin resistance was significantly more prevalent in S flexneri than S sonnei.
The high prevalence of ampicillin and cotrimoxazole resistance indicates that ampicillin and cotrimoxazole are no longer useful for empirical treatment of shigellosis in New Zealand. The findings indicate a need to monitor the prevalence of antimicrobial resistances among Shigella and suggest that antimicrobial susceptibility testing might be needed to guide antimicrobial therapy.
确定新西兰近期志贺氏菌分离株中抗菌药物耐药性的流行情况。
1996年1月至6月期间，从20家医院和社区实验室送交环境科学与研究机构的107株志贺氏菌分离株，采用琼脂稀释法进行检测。
宋内志贺氏菌占分离株的70%，福氏志贺氏菌占23%。分别在42%和57%的分离株中检测到对氨苄西林和复方新诺明的耐药性，30.8%的分离株同时对氨苄西林和复方新诺明耐药。头孢噻吩耐药率为5.6%。未检测到对头孢噻肟、环丙沙星和庆大霉素的耐药性，31.8%的分离株对所有测试药物敏感。福氏志贺氏菌中氨苄西林耐药性的流行率显著高于宋内志贺氏菌。
氨苄西林和复方新诺明耐药性的高流行率表明，在新西兰，氨苄西林和复方新诺明不再适用于志贺氏菌病的经验性治疗。研究结果表明需要监测志贺氏菌中抗菌药物耐药性的流行情况，并建议可能需要进行抗菌药物敏感性试验以指导抗菌治疗。
