Schabet M, Herrlinger U
Neurologische Universitätsklinik, Tübingen, Germany.
J Neurooncol. 1998 Jun-Jul;38(2-3):199-205. doi: 10.1023/a:1005936304256.
Animal models of leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) should give insight into pathophysiological mechanisms and allow to evaluate new treatments including their neurotoxicity. Syngeneic models use tumor cells of mouse, rat, rabbit or guinea pig origin. Allogeneic models usually rely on human tumor cells injected into nude mice or rats. A review of the literature revealed 2 (4) different glioma, 3 medulloblastoma, 3 (3) carcinoma, 3 (1) melanoma, 1 rhabdomyosarcoma, 2 (8) leukemia and 2 (2) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma allogeneic (syngeneic) models of LM. These models have been used to study the evolution of LM and to evaluate systemic or intrathecal chemotherapy, intrathecal immunotherapy (interleukin-2, interferon-beta, uncoupled, toxin- or radionuclide-conjugated antibodies), and recently gene therapeutic approaches. On the whole, pathophysiological, therapeutic and neurotoxic findings have been well transferable to the clinical situation. Therefore, it seems rational to preclinically test new treatments in an appropriate animal model of LM before using them in patients.
软脑膜转移（LM）的动物模型应能深入了解病理生理机制，并有助于评估包括神经毒性在内的新治疗方法。同基因模型使用源自小鼠、大鼠、兔子或豚鼠的肿瘤细胞。异基因模型通常依赖于注入裸鼠或大鼠体内的人类肿瘤细胞。文献综述显示有2（4）种不同的胶质瘤、3种髓母细胞瘤、3（3）种癌、3（1）种黑色素瘤、1种横纹肌肉瘤、2（8）种白血病和2（2）种非霍奇金淋巴瘤的LM异基因（同基因）模型。这些模型已被用于研究LM的演变，并评估全身或鞘内化疗、鞘内免疫治疗（白细胞介素-2、干扰素-β、非偶联、毒素或放射性核素偶联抗体），以及最近的基因治疗方法。总体而言，病理生理、治疗和神经毒性方面的研究结果已很好地转化到临床情况中。因此，在将新治疗方法应用于患者之前，在合适的LM动物模型中进行临床前测试似乎是合理的。
