Antibody response of cattle experimentally inoculated with parainfluenza type-3 live vaccine in a post-tracheal position.

One of the major viral respiratory diseases of cattle is parainfluenza type-3 virus infection. Attenuated live virus vaccines have been used in most countries. An experimental attempt was made to clarify the antibody response of cattle inoculated with a live vaccine in a post-tracheal position by a spray method. A significantly higher titers of antibodies in both hemagglutination inhibition and neutralization were obtained in the serum samples of animals vaccinated in this manner than those vaccinated by intramuscular injection or intranasal instillation.