Karian V E, Jankowski S M, Beal J A
Division of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
J Pediatr Oncol Nurs. 1998 Jul;15(3):153-62. doi: 10.1177/104345429801500304.
The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived-experience of childhood cancer survivors with regard to their patterns of interaction with family and the environment using Newman's theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness, which proposes that experiencing a devastating event promotes an expanded consciousness. The sample consisted of five young adults, ages 23 to 26 years, who had experienced childhood cancer and now are considered to be cured of their initial cancer. A hermeneutic dialectic approach was used, with each subject being asked to respond to one open-ended question, "What are the most meaningful events in your life?" The interviews were analyzed for evidence of expanded consciousness, changing relatedness, and other universal themes. Individual patterns emerged and themes were identified that supported Newman's theory, such as optimism and hope, stronger bonds to family and friends, increased capacity for empathy, a desire to help others, and deeper feelings for the value of life. The intensely personal and professional relationship that develops between pediatric oncology nurses and their patients can only be strengthened by the knowledge that these patients generally grew up to be caring and empathetic individuals, perhaps as a result of the nurses' loving care for them. This research also provided support for Newman's theory as a sound paradigm for nursing practice.
这项质性现象学研究的目的是，运用纽曼的“健康即意识扩展”理论，探讨儿童癌症幸存者在与家庭及环境互动模式方面的生活经历。该理论提出，经历灾难性事件会促进意识的扩展。样本包括五名年龄在23至26岁之间的年轻人，他们曾患儿童癌症，目前被认为已从最初的癌症中治愈。研究采用了解释学辩证方法，要求每位受试者回答一个开放式问题：“你生活中最有意义的事件是什么？”对访谈进行分析，以寻找意识扩展、关系变化及其他普遍主题的证据。出现了个体模式，并确定了支持纽曼理论的主题，如乐观与希望、与家人和朋友的关系更紧密、同理心增强、帮助他人的愿望以及对生命价值有更深的感悟。儿童肿瘤护士与患者之间建立的深厚个人及专业关系，只会因了解到这些患者通常成长为有爱心和同理心的个体而得到加强，这或许是护士给予他们关爱护理的结果。这项研究还支持将纽曼理论作为护理实践的合理范式。
