Orvidas L J, Kasperbauer J L, Staats B A, Olsen K D
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1998 Aug;73(8):739-44. doi: 10.4065/73.8.739.
To evaluate and discuss the use of transtracheal oxygen catheters for the treatment of chronic hypoxemia and to discuss the complications associated with the placement and care of these devices.
We conducted a retrospective study at a tertiary medical center and reviewed the pertinent literature.
The medical records of 56 patients who received a transtracheal oxygen catheter between January 1987 and June 1992 at our institution were reviewed for demographic data, diagnosis leading to catheter placement, complications related to catheter use, reason for catheter removal, and duration of use. Follow-up results were established by documentation in the medical records or telephone interview.
During the study period, 39 men and 17 women received a transtracheal catheter. More than half the patients (52%) had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The duration of use of the catheter ranged from 2 days to more than 6 years, and the most frequent cause for removal of the catheter was death. Of the 56 patients, 42 died with the catheter in place, 24 within the first year after placement. Complications ranged from mucous plugging (38 % of patients) to pneumothorax (4%), and no patient died of a catheter-related complication. Overall, 55% of patients had their catheter for less than 1 year after placement.
In patients with transtracheal oxygen catheters, problems related to mucous plugging are common, but severe complications such as pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are uncommon. Although selection factors that would identify ideal candidates for transtracheal oxygen therapy have not been established, such a catheter is best placed in highly motivated patients who can physically manage the daily care of this device.
评估并探讨经气管氧导管在慢性低氧血症治疗中的应用，以及讨论与这些装置的放置和护理相关的并发症。
我们在一家三级医疗中心进行了一项回顾性研究，并查阅了相关文献。
回顾了1987年1月至1992年6月期间在我院接受经气管氧导管治疗的56例患者的病历，以获取人口统计学数据、导致放置导管的诊断、与导管使用相关的并发症、导管拔除原因及使用时长。通过病历记录或电话随访确定随访结果。
在研究期间，39名男性和17名女性接受了经气管导管治疗。超过半数患者（52%）患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病。导管使用时长从2天至6年以上不等，拔除导管最常见的原因是死亡。56例患者中，42例在导管在位时死亡，24例在放置后第一年内死亡。并发症包括黏液堵塞（38%的患者）和气胸（4%），没有患者死于与导管相关的并发症。总体而言，55%的患者在放置导管后使用时间不足1年。
对于使用经气管氧导管的患者，黏液堵塞相关问题较为常见，但气胸和纵隔气肿等严重并发症并不常见。虽然尚未确定能识别经气管氧疗理想候选者的选择因素，但这种导管最适合放置在有强烈意愿且能够自理该装置日常护理的患者中。
