Lemberkovics E, Kéry A, Marczal G, Simándi B, Szöke E
Semmelweis Orvostudományi Egyetem, Gyógynövény és Drogismereti Intézet, Budapest.
Acta Pharm Hung. 1998 May;68(3):141-9.
A surway is presented on the authors' work in the field of volatile oil research. The gas chromatographic method previously used for analysis of essential oils was transformed to capillary gas chromatographic conditions. The method is also suitable for separation of compound-pairs frequently occurring in essential oils (peppermint, rosemary, lavender, sage, clary sage, thyme oils). Beside the gas chromatographic analysis of essential oils, which was necessary for their standardization and qualification, the influence of different extraction methods and some biological facts e.g. the ontogenesis on the change of essential oil composition are also discussed. It has been established that the water steam distillation from acidic medium can be more advantageous than the traditional one, if the volatile terpene derivatives were bound in form of glycosides or dimeric quajazolide lactons were present in plant (oregano, Sideritis, wormwood oils). Comparing the composition of essential oil obtained by water steam distillation and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) it was found that the SFE fractions are richer in ester constituents because the possibility of hydrolysis is reduced, and the oils are more valuable than the classic oils. On the other hand, when the transformation processes are important (chamomile), the distillation is the better method. The change of essential oil composition of Ocimum basilicum L. and Anthriscus cerefolium L. was also studied during the vegetation period. It has been established that in budding and early flowering stages the basil oil was rich in monoterpenes; the quantity of sesquiterpenes and phenylpropane derivatives increased only in later stadiums. Finally the extraction and analytical processes are discussed which are used for standardization of complex plant preparations which contained essential oil as active agent and represented various medicinal forms.
本文综述了作者在挥发油研究领域的工作。以前用于分析香精油的气相色谱法已转变为毛细管气相色谱条件。该方法也适用于分离香精油中常见的化合物对（薄荷、迷迭香、薰衣草、鼠尾草、快乐鼠尾草、百里香油）。除了对香精油进行气相色谱分析（这对其标准化和鉴定是必要的）之外，还讨论了不同提取方法以及一些生物学因素（如个体发育）对香精油成分变化的影响。已经确定，如果挥发性萜类衍生物以糖苷形式结合或植物中存在二聚喹唑啉内酯（牛至、铁角凤尾草、艾草油），那么从酸性介质中进行水蒸气蒸馏可能比传统方法更具优势。比较水蒸气蒸馏法和超临界流体萃取法（SFE）得到的香精油成分，发现SFE馏分中酯成分更丰富，因为水解的可能性降低了，而且这些油比传统油更有价值。另一方面，当转化过程很重要时（洋甘菊），蒸馏是更好的方法。还研究了罗勒和细叶芹在生长期间香精油成分的变化。已经确定，在出芽和开花早期阶段，罗勒油富含单萜类化合物；倍半萜类化合物和苯丙烷衍生物的含量仅在后期阶段增加。最后讨论了用于标准化含有香精油作为活性剂并代表各种药用形式的复杂植物制剂的提取和分析过程。
