Psychosocial care of breast cancer patients.

Research in the field of Psychooncology has yielded useful data that may be helpful in clinical practice and in minimising psychosocial distress among breast cancer patients and their families. After the initial crisis following the diagnosis, the majority of patients adjust fairly well by mobilizing personal resources and social support. Adjustment may be enhanced by promoting open communication, offering support to the patient as to the whole family, and by aiding them in decision making. Comparisons of mastectomy to breast conservation have not consistently favored one surgery for all women, therefore, patients should be given the option to choose their preferred type of surgery. Since 20-30% of patients experience long-standing distress, early identification of patients at risk for severe adjustment disorders is important to provide them with professional support. Various kinds of psychosocial interventions have proven to be effective in reducing distress and improving patients' quality of life.